Burns
This degree of burn affects only the epidermis and causes redness and pain.
What is a superficial (first-degree) burn?
The first step in care is to remove the patient from the cold and do this to the affected area.
What is rewarm with warm water?
This hormone is lacking or ineffective.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Causes the body to retain this.
What is water?
This class of IV fluids is used during the first 24 hours of major burn resuscitation.
What are isotonic crystalloids (Lactated Ringers)?
Fluid resuscitation is guided by this formula during the first 24 hours after a major burn.
What is the Parkland formula?
Clear or milky blisters are typically seen with this degree of frostbite.
What is second-degree frostbite?
What is dilute urine?
A hallmark lab value in SIADH is this low electrolyte level.
What is hyponatremia?
This opioid analgesic is commonly used IV for severe burn pain because it has rapid onset and fewer histamine-release effects.
What is fentanyl?
Burns of the face, neck, and chest put the patient at high risk for this priority complication.
What is airway obstruction?
Frostbite causes tissue damage because ice crystals form in cells and lead to this.
What is cellular death (necrosis)?
This medication is the primary treatment for neurogenic DI.
What is desmopressin?
The urine in SIADH is typically described using this term.
What is concentrated urine?
Topical antimicrobial therapy for burn wounds often includes this sulfa-based cream.
What is silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)?
A pale, charred, or leathery appearance is typical of this burn depth.
What is a full-thickness (third degree) burn?
To prevent additional injury, this common action should not be done to frostbitten tissue.
What is rubbing or massaging the area?
A hallmark lab value in DI is this elevated electrolyte level.
What is hypernatremia?
Patients with SIADH often need this restriction.
What is fluid restriction?
This topical agent used for burn treatment can cause metabolic acidosis if absorbed in large amounts.
What is mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon)?
This electrolyte imbalance commonly occurs during the emergent/resuscitative phase due to cell rupture.
What is hyperkalemia?
Severe frostbite may require this surgical intervention if recirculation cannot be restored.
What is amputation?
In nephrogenic DI, the kidneys do not respond to ADH for this general reason.
What is renal tubule resistance (or impaired receptor response)?
This medication, a vasopressin antagonist, may be used for severe SIADH.
What are vaptans (e.g., tolvaptan)?
Burn patients often receive this class of medications to prevent stress ulcers (Curling’s ulcers).
What are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers?