True OR False
There are four business functions.
True
Planning, Organising, Leading & Control
Give any 5 characteristics of effective leaders.
1.Motivate and encourage others
2.Empower others
3.Good communication skills
4.Delegate tasks
5.Acknowledge and reward others
6.Honest, integrity and committed
7.Take calculated risks
8.Mange conflict
9.Show initiative and passion
10.Responsible and accountable
11.Flexible
12.Objective
Name the 3 elements of the Triple Bottom Line.
Socio-cultural impact
Economic impact
Environmental impact
Explain what is meant by the psychological carrying capacity of a destination.
The level of crowding that a visitor is willing to tolerate before they decide a particular site is too full, and goes elsewhere
A contingency plan involves Identifying and planning for things that may go wrong
True
Identify the steps of the planning process.
1. Situational Analysis
2. Establish goals
3. Plan formulations
4. Implementation
5. Periodic review
Explain (with an example) the socio-cultural impact: health issues
Tourists travelling to destinations may introduce disease to resident communities
Examples: Covid HIV, avian flu, Swine flu, Ebola
Name five negative environmental impacts of tourism.
1.Inappropriate development
2.Environmental pollution
3.Erosion of land
4.Litter
5.Overcrowding & traffic congestion
6.Loss of natural habitat and effects on wildlife
7.Depletion of natural resources
8.Tourist activities
Arson refers to the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.
False - terrorism
Name the three levels of management.
Top-level management
Middle-level management
Low-level management
Explain (with an example) the socio-cultural impact:commoditisation
Commoditisation of a destination’s culture and transforming it into a commodity.
Example: Ceremonies, ethnic rituals, festivals, and cultural performances are made more colorful, more dramatic, and spectacular to attract the attention of tourists, and can lose their actual meaning and authenticity
Name three hard measures a destination/visitor attraction can implement to manage traffic and control tourism numbers.
•Charging higher prices
•Higher prices at peak times
•Adjusting opening times
•Managing queuing systems
•Reducing the number of car parking spaces
In Doxey's Irridex model, Apathy means that the host community becomes hostile towards tourists.
False - antagonism
Give two main differences between top and middle-level management.
Top
- small groups
- long-term planning
- establish vision, mission, stratgeies & policy
Middle
- larger group/responsible for departments
- medium-to long-term planning
- implement vision, mission, strategies, etc.
Differentiate between the demonstration effect and acculturation.
The demonstration effect: Local residents begin to adapt and change their values and modes of behaviour to imitate those of the visitors.
Acculturation: Process where tourism changes a local culture. Where two cultures meet, they will adapt to one another’s values and attitudes over time with time, the dominant culture will overrule the weaker.
Differentiate between the erosion of land and the loss of natural habitat & effects on wildlife as a negative environmental impact of tourism.
erosion: Large increases in visitor numbers can often impact the environment through land erosion.
loss: Tourism development can have a profound effect on ecosystems, often resulting in the loss of the natural habitats of Indigenous fauna & flora.
A lodge manager wants to improve customer service based on the POLC functions. She carefully plans the new service standards, organises staff roles and schedules, and measures performance based on the implementation of the services. The excluded function is control.
False – leading is excluded
Explain the control process in your own words with an example.
1. Determine performance standards
2. Monitor actual performance
3. Compare actual performance with established standards
4. Take corrective action if required
Name three ways tourism can change the native language of a host community.
1.Foreign and seasonal employment
2.Demonstration effect (want to learn their language)
3.Direct social contact with tourists
The concept of the environment includes various sub-sections. Name 5 components of the natural environment.
•Mountainous areas
•Seas
•Rivers & lakes
•Caves
•Beaches
•Deserts
•Natural woodlands & forests