Tobacco-Associated Medical Conditions
Name the compound that gives cigarettes its addictive potential.
What is nicotine?
Who are the individuals smokers, most commonly, seek support from when trying to quit smoking to help them avoid triggers and stay smoke-free?
What are family and friends?
Family and friends can provide emotional support and help create a smoke-free environment, which is essential for successful tobacco cessation.
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What is the most well-known malignancy associated with smoking?
What is Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and is strongly associated with smoking. It often presents at advanced stages, highlighting the importance of early detection and smoking cessation.
What is the psychological concept that involves learning to associate smoking with unpleasant experiences, such as nausea?
What is "aversive conditioning"?
Aversive conditioning involves associating smoking with negative or unpleasant stimuli to reduce the desire to smoke.
What are two options for Nicotine Replacement Therapy?
Gum, Lozenge, Patch
NRT involves using gum or lozenges to deliver nicotine, reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings while avoiding the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke.
What is the term for a condition in which smoking leads to the hardening and narrowing of arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes?
What is atherosclerosis?
Smoking contributes to atherosclerosis, a process in which plaque accumulates in arteries, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.
What is the name of the psychotherapy approach that helps individuals quit smoking by addressing their relationship with tobacco and promoting patient confidence in quitting?
What is "Motivational Interviewing (MI)"?
MI is a psychotherapy approach that aims to strengthen an individual's motivation to quit smoking by exploring their ambivalence and enhancing their readiness for change.
What is the mechanism of action of Varenicline?
What is varenicline is a partial agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).
It helps reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms while blocking nicotine from fully activating these receptors. Its clinical role is to support smoking cessation.
Smoking is most associated with what set of lung diseases?
What is COPD?
A group of lung diseases, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, characterized by airflow obstruction. The toxins in tobacco smoke irritate and inflame the airways, leading to chronic lung damage.
What are the 5 stages of change?
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation/Determination
4. Action/Willpower
5. Maintenance
What is the mechanism of action of bupropion (Zyban) in tobacco cessation, and how does it differ from nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)?
What is bupropion inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Unlike NRT, it is not a source of nicotine and works on different neurotransmitters.
What major GI pathology has smoking been linked to serving as a protective factor?
What is Ulcerative Colitis?
Experts think that nicotine or other substances in tobacco may keep you from getting UC in several ways, including: Lowering the levels of cytokines, proteins that trigger inflammation. Activating immune cells that help tamp down inflammation. Producing carbon monoxide, which may work as an anti-inflammatory agent
What is the term for the process of setting rewards or incentives for achieving smoking cessation milestones?
What is "contingency management"?
Contingency management involves providing rewards or incentives for achieving specific quitting milestones, which can motivate individuals to stay smoke-free.
What anti-depressant is a second line treatment for cessation when traditional NRTs do not work?
What is "nortriptyline"?
Nortriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is used in tobacco cessation and acts as a nicotinic receptor antagonist.