A thick black liquid produced by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal. It contains benzene, naphthalene, phenols, aniline, and many other organic chemicals.
What is coal tar?
100
The way in which significance is reported statistically.
What is a p-value?
100
A study that compares patients who have a disease or outcome of interest with patients who do not have the disease or outcome.
What is a case control study?
100
Group of more than 100 different diseases that can begin almost anywhere in the body, characterized by abnormal cell growth and the ability to invade nearby tissues.
What is cancer?
100
A cancer characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that build up in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells.
What is leukemia?
200
Chemicals found in coal tar that form as a result of incomplete combustion of organic compounds.
What are Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)?
200
The degree to which two factors appear to be related.
What is a correlation?
200
A measurable substance in an organism whose presence is indicative of some phenomenon such as disease, infection, or environmental exposure.
What is a biomarker?
200
Agent that causes cancer.
What is a carcinogen?
200
Cause of "mountain sickness" a.k.a. lung cancer in miners.
What is radon gas?
300
Relating to, or graphing the pattern of physiological response to varied dosage (as of a drug or radiation) in which there is typically little or no effect at very low dosages and a toxic or unchanging effect at high dosages.
What is a dose response?
300
Systematic error caused by differences in the accuracy or completeness of the recollections retrieved by study participants regarding events or experiences from the past.
What is recall bias?
300
A greater than expected number of cancer cases that occurs within a group of people in a geographic area.
What is a cancer cluster?
300
The spread of cancer from the place where the cancer began to another part of the body.
What is metastasis?
300
Any land in the United States that has been contaminated by hazardous waste and identified by the EPA as a candidate for cleanup because it poses a risk to human health.
What is a superfund site?
400
Carcinogenic by-product of the production of acrylonitrile styrene plastics and is created in specific manufacturing processes for polymers of acrylonitrile and styrene.
What is SAN trimer?
400
A measure of association between an exposure and an outcome.
What is adjusted odds ratio?
400
Relationship between an event or situation and a possible reason or cause.
What is causation?
400
Cancer that is present at birth.
What is congenital cancer?
400
A colorless volatile liquid hydrocarbon present in coal tar and petroleum, used in chemical synthesis.
What is benzene (or trichloroethylene)?
500
Compound chemist William Henry Perkin was synthesizing when he discovered an aniline dye?
What is quinine?
500
A statistical method based on Bayes' theorem that infers probability using the knowledge of prior events to predict future events.
What is Bayesian statistics?
500
Comparison to general population instead of another factory in a case control study of factory workers.
What is healthy worker effect?
500
The single largest preventable cause of cancer in the world.
What is tobacco use?
500
In statistics, a probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time?