LANGUAGE
"Consists of symbols that convey meaning, plus rules for combining those symbols, that can be used to generate an infinite variety of messages" is a definition of...
...language.
Choose true or false: Oral and written language have always been considered equally important throughout history.
False
What is oral language?
Is the expression of thoughts, emotions or ideas by spoken words.
What is written language?
To express ideas and experiences or exchange meanings between individuals with a particular system of codes, which is different to that used in oral language.
Which author defined the features of human language?
Hockett.
In the past, which type of language was ignored because it was believed to lack organization and care?
Spoken language.
Which are 2 elements of oral language?
Stress, pitch prominence, intonation, rhythm.
Choose true or false: "Writing systems evolved independently of each other but at the same time in several parts of the world".
False. They evoled independently and at different times.
Which five features characterize human language according to Hockett?
Displacement, arbitrariness, productivity, cultural transmission and duality.
Nowadays, what is the approach of linguistics towards spoken and written language?
They acknowledge that both mediums are equally important and one cannot substitute the other one.
Which are the characteristics of oral language?
1)Contains redundant information, 2) the listener is helped by prosodic features, body language etc, speech is incomplete and 3)sometimes contains ungrammatical utterances.
From the two types of written language, "systems which do not show a clear relationship between symbols and the sounds of the language" refer to...
Non-phonological systems.
Which three features were added later on by Hockett?
Prevarication, reflexiveness and learnability.
When did linguistics start to consider that oral language should also be studied?
At the beginning of the 20th century.
Which element of oral language refers to "the rise and fall in pitch"?
Intonation.
Syllabic and alphabetic writing are types of...
phonological systems.
What are the six language fuctions proposed by Jakobson?
Referential, poetic, emotive, conative, phatic and metalinguistic functions.
Which factors made linguistics change their perspective and start studying oral language?
Speech is many centuries older than writitng, it develops naturally in children, writing systems are mostly derivative drom oral language.
3 pedagogical implications for oral language.
Oral language usually acquiered before written language, contextual support must be used, it's spontaneous, so errors are frequent, is a two way process between a speaker and the listener.
Which are the 5 skill areas important for written expression?
Mechanics, production, conventions, linguistics, cognition.