immune response basics
what is the body's first line of defence against pathogens?
skin
what are the two types of responses that occur when the body encounters a pathogen?
primary and secondary
what is the purpose of a vaccine?
to train the immune system to recognise pathogens (i.e. develop memory cells so immune system can recognise actual pathogen faster)
which cells produce antibodies?
specialised white blood cells called B cells, specifically a mature plasma cell
why is secondary immune response faster than primary response
memory B and T cells allow for pathogen to be faster recognised and destroyed
what does immunisation stimulate the body to produce?
antibodies and memory B and T cells
how do antibodies help protect the body from infection?
antibodies recognise and bind to pathogens and help neutralise/destroy them
what leukocytes trigger immune response
Phagocytes
How are immunocompromised individuals who cannot vaccinate protected against measles?
herd immunity prevents local transmission
name 3 differences between innate and adaptive immunity
innate - fast, generalised, inborn defence (no memory)
adaptive - slower to act, highly specific, learned response that creates long-lasting immunological memory
how long does primary response peak after first exposure
10-17 days
What is the typical administration schedule for the measles vaccine? Specify the types of vaccines at each stage.
MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) at 12 months, MMRV (with varicella) at 18 months
describe the role of NK cells
to kill any cells w/o a MHC1 marker