Topic 1: Introduction to Earth's Systems

Matter And Energy in Earth's Systems

100

The Cycles of matter in earth's systems are driven by the movement of

Heat

200

This part of the earth is where water exists as ice

Cryosphere

300

What is the difference between positive and negative feedback?

• Negative feedback: causes a     process to slow down, or go in reverse
• Positive feedback: reinforce,     speed up, or enhance the process that's already happening

400

Name the 4 main spheres and give a brief description of each 

• Atmosphere: thin envelope of     gasses that form's Earth's outermost layer
• Geosphere: this is where     most of earth's mass is which is in the form of rock and metal
• Hydrosphere:  all of earth's water, including water that cycles through the atmosphere
• Biosphere: parts of Earth that contain all living organisms

500

Name the 5 parts of the rock cycle in order

new rock emerges from inside earth

rock cools and hardens

solid rock is broken into pieces

pieces harden into another type of rock

rock goes back into earth and melts

Surface Features in the Geosphere

100

Forces that build up land are called

constructive forces

200

What is the term for the shape of the land; elevation, relief and landforms?

Topography

300

A landform with high elevation and high relief formed by material of the geosphere is called a

Plain

400

How can you determine how steep a landform is on topographic map.

How close together or far away the lines are. The closer together the lines are the steeper the hill/mountain. 

500

What kind of landforms can you find in Florida?

Dunes, Rivers, and Coastlines

The Hydrosphere

100

97% of the hydrosphere is

Salt Water

200

This is the frozen part of the hydrosphere

cryosphere

300

If the hydrosphere changed, how could the biosphere be affected?

Reduced rainfall would reduce the amount of available food.

400

This landform can be found on both land and the ocean

valley

500

What are the 5 main features of the ocean floor?

• Seamount: volcanic mountain that rises from ocean floor
• Continental shelf: gently sloping shallow area that extends outward from the edge of a continent
• Trench: long deep valley on the ocean floor
• Abyssal plains: broad area covered with thick layers  of mud and silt
• Mid-ocean ridges: long chains of mountains on the ocean floors

Random

100

when water evaporates from the leaves of plants, this is called

transpiration

200

Why has the total amount of water in the water cycle remained the same over the years?

The rate of precipitation and evaporation are balanced.

300

layers of rock that hold water

aquifer

400

How are lakes formed?

in rift valleys

in empty volcano craters

from melted ice sheets

500

Name 3 US states that have a coastline

New York, Florida, California

Random

100

What is a coastal plain?

flat, low-lying piece of land next to the ocean. Some coastal plains can stretch across states.

200

How can the geosphere and the biosphere add water to the water cycle?

Water evaporates from the soil. Animals breathe.

300

Freshwater can be found in groundwater, glaciers, lakes, and rivers. Almost all freshwater comes from

precipitation

400

What way can water be a destructive force?

erosion of landforms

500

What are ways you interact with the different spheres?

Biosphere- we eat plants/animals. We have pets. We use resources from the biosphere such as trees.

Atmosphere- We breathe oxygen and we release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Geosphere-our use of arable land for farming, and excavations for the construction of buildings, roads, and mines. 

Hydrosphere- we use water for drinking, bathing, recreation, farming, and cooking.