Lesson 1
What does excommunicate mean?
To exclude a person from a church or a religious community.
What does transformed mean?
to change
What are the Crusades?
a series of military campaigns to establish Christian control over the Holy Land
What people were known as Moors?
European Christians, the Muslims in Spain
What was the plague that killed many people and began in Central Asia called?
What does secular mean?
non-church, leader
What does pilgrimage mean?
a journey undertaken to worship at a holy place
Who was the first Crusade leader?
A man dressed as a hermit called Peter the Hermit
By the early 700s, what religion ruled most of the Iberian Peninsula?
Muslims
What is famine?
A serious shortage of food.
Did the struggle between the popes and rulers continue after Gregory and Henry died?
yes
What does standardize mean?
the same everywhere
What did the word Crusade come from?
the latin word, crux, which means cross
What did they call the movement to drive the Muslims from Spain?
The Reconquista
What was the Peasants' Revolt?
English peasants kille lords and burned down manors
As trade boomed, kings benefited from taxes on the profits. How did it strengthen them?
politically
What does "habeas corpus" mean in Latin?
you shall have the body
What year had the crusaders captured Jerusalem?
1099
Who did Isabella of Castile-Leon marry?
Ferdinand of Aragon
When did the bubonic plague start?
1347/10 years after the Hundred Years' War started
When did the Italian monk named Hildebrand become Pope Gregory VII?
In 1703
What does "Magna Carta" mean in Latin?
the Great Charter
For the fourth crusade, instead, how did they try to fund their campaign?
by looting Christian cities along the route
Where did many Spanish Jews fly to at the end of the chapter?
Other parts of Europe and the Mediterranean area.
In Strasbourg, the town council ordered that the city's 2000 people of a religion were to convert to Christianity or be burned to death. Which religion was it?
Jews