LESSON 1
What does excommunicate mean?
To exclude a person from a church or a religious community.
What does Pilgrimage mean?
a journey undertaken to worship at a holy place.
What are Crusades?
A series of military campaigns to establish Christian control over the Holy Land.
What is another name in Spain that Muslims were known for?
Moors
What is famine?
A serious shortage of food
How did a strong monarchy emerge in France?
Political power lay with aristocrats, whose castles helped them control their lands.
What is the jury?
The person's case is heard by the court by a group of fellow citizens
Why did Europeans launch the Crusades?
To reshape Europe and the Middle East by establishing Christian control over people in the military.
What is another word for Reconquista
Reconquest
What is the bubonic plague?
a deadly infection that killed most of the population
Why did popes and German emperors clash in the 1000s and 1100s?
Henry ignored the Pope's rules and named his own bishop for the land. Gregory excommunicated Henry.
How did the Magna Carta support the development of a limited monarchy?
They wouldn't collect taxes without permission. The king had to abide by law.
What is heresy?
A belief rejected by official church teachings.
Where is the Iberian Peninsula located in the present day?
Spain and Portugal
What was the Peasants' Revolt?
English peasants mounted it manors
When was trade increased throughout Europe?
1100s
Why did Henry ll and Becket clash?
Henry attempted to limit the power and independence of the Church. Becket excommunicated Henry.
How did the Crusades lead to increased persecution of Jews, Muslims, and Christian heretics?
They would use violence.
Were science and medicine far more advanced in Muslim Spain than in the rest of Europe
Yes
Why did the black death spread rapidly across Europe and Asia back in the 1300s?
Because of travelers, fleas, rats, and trade networks
Who was Otto the Great?
A German king who increased his power by making alliances with German nobles.
What does judiciary mean?
A system of courts outside the control of other branches of government.
What were the lasting social and economic effects of the Crusades?
Cultural exchange grows and trade with the east increased.
Why did powerful new rulers drive Muslims and Jews from Spain in the late Middle Ages?
Because of Religious persections
What was Joan of Arc known for?
Led an army pretending to be a man