What happened to Charlemagne’s empire in the centuries after his death?
Charlemagne's empire was divided among the number of dukes. They became known what is now Germany. German emperors decided to have a king of their own. This king was Otto the Great.
After Charlemagne's death, Otto the Great formed alliances and persuaded the pope to crown him emperor.
What is the significance of the name Holy Roman Empire used by German kings?
The significance of the name was that it clearly showed that the German king wanted to create a christian, or holy, version of the Roman empire.
What role did bishops play in the growing conflict between monarchs and popes?
Growing conflicts between the monarchs and popes were caused because bishops had control over land and wealth. Monarchs and popes were fighting for control over the bishops. This caused conflict over the bishops.
Why did Henry fear excommunication from the Church?
Henry feared the excommunication from the church because it meant that he would be excluded from a church or religious community. This would lead to his power decreasing and he would loose support of the people.
Place the following statements about the conflict between Henry and Gregory in the correct order. You may type in the letter or the entire sentence for each step.
A. When Henry tried to remove Gregory from his position as pope, Gregory excommunicated Henry.
B. Gregory insisted that only the Roman pope had the right to choose bishops.
C. Henry begged for forgiveness and was forgiven by the pope, but later drove him from Rome.
D. The emperor named his own bishop for the city of Milan, Italy, and Pope Gregory appointed a rival bishop.
E. Pope Gregory issued a list of rules declaring his supreme authority over both Church and non-Church leaders.
F. An Italian monk named Hildebrand became Pope Gregory VII.
F, B, E, D, A, C
What role did trade play in the strengthening of the French monarchy?
Trade strengthened French monarchy by increasing kings power through money made from tax profits.
How was the kingdom of England settled? How did it get its name?
Germanic tribes known as Anglo-Saxons began settling in eastern Europe. These tribes formed kingdoms known as what is now "England", or the land of the Angles.
Arrange the events in the order they happened, beginning with the earliest event. You may type the letter or the entire sentence for each event.
A. Norwegians invaded northern England and were defeated by Harold’s army.
B. William the Conqueror was crowned king of England.
C. William landed his army at Hastings in southern England.
D. Edward the Confessor died.
E. Harold was killed.
F. William, Harold Godwinson, and the Norwegian king all claimed the English throne.
D, F, A, C, E, B
Write down words and phrases that describe the Norman Conquest of England.
The Norman Conquest :
Describe the issues that led to Thomas Becket’s murder.
What were three changes King John agreed to in signing the Magna Carta?
How did habeas corpus expand the rights of ordinary English people?
The habeas corpus was an important legal practice that referred to a court order to bring an arrested person before a judge or trial.
How did the call for a Crusade arise in Europe in the late 1000s?
Turks harassed pilgrims and marched on the Christian city of Constantinople, so the Byzantine emperor in Constantinople asked Pope Urban II for help.
How would you describe the attitude of Europeans toward the First Crusade?
The Europeans were enthusiastic and wanted to do God's will.
Why were the Second and Third Crusades led largely by powerful monarchs?
They had the money, organization, power, and the influence.
What event became a cause of tension between Catholic and Byzantine Christians?
In 1204, Crusaders stormed Constantinople, the rich Byzantine capital. For 3 days, they smashed Christian icons, stole relics, and attacked women. This is what started the event that caused tension between the Catholic and Byzantine Christians.
How did Muslims of the time view the Crusades?
Muslims described it as the holy war.
Describe the reasons for and effects of religious persecution in the aftermath of the Crusades.
Against Jews
Against Christian heretics
Against Muslims
Jews :
Christian heretics :
In what way was Sicily an important site of encounter between Muslims, Jews, and Christians?
Sicily had a multicultural population and tolerant rulers. Sicily was connected to Islamic trade routes to the South and east. Latin Christian merchants traveled to Sicily which which bought increasing amounts of Asian products from Muslim and Jew merchants.
How did the Crusades change Europeans’ view of the world?
The Crusade inspired the adventurous spirits of other nation. This would later lead to the famous European voyages. Without the Crusades, America might not have been discovered.
describe Moorish Spain.
Moors governed an extremely advanced, dynamic, and diverse society centered in what is now southern Spain. Moorish Spain was home to the Great Mosque Cordoba and the Alhambra palace in Granada. The Granada are 2 masterpieces of Moor architecture.
What made the 800s and 900s a ‟golden age” in Muslim Spain?
Medicine was far more advanced in Muslim Spain than in the rest of Europe. Muslim leaders wanted to create a prosperous, stable society. They accepted the religious diversity of their subjects.
What are some of the factors that helped Christians achieve the Reconquista?
the Reconquista began when Christian kingdoms in northern Spain united. Popes urged Christians in Spain to wage war against the Muslims. This movement was called the Reconquista. The Reconquista helped create a new kingdom called Portugal. Portugal became an independent country.
What effect did the expulsion of Jews and Muslims have on Spain’s culture and economy?
It decreased Spain's power and population. The Jews and Muslims where still unsafe and it created a fearful environment for them. Spain decreased in trade because Muslims and Jews where Tradesmen and artists and architects and now that they left, they are loosing all of that, their culture.
Organize the following statements about hardships facing medieval Europe. Identify those that relate only to famine in medieval Europe, only to warfare in medieval Europe, or to both famine and warfare. You may sort each sentence by typing its letter or the entire sentence.
A. Joan of Arc inspired the French.
B. From 1315 to 1317, it rained so much that crops were ruined.
C. It lasted over a century and affected England and France.
D. Struck Europe in the 1300s.
E. Edward III of England claimed the throne of France.
F. Cattle died of diseases brought on by wet weather.
G. Helped bring about the end of the Middle Ages.
FAMINE :
B, F
WARFARE :
A, C, E
BOTH :
D, G