Hindusim
What is the ultimate goal in Hinduism?
Reuniting the soul with Brahman (reunite individual soul with the universal soul)
Where was Buddhism founded?
India
What Muslim empire was established in India in 1206?
The Dehli sultanate (Turkic Muslim invader)
What kingdoms resisted Islamic conversion?
Rajput Kingdoms and Vijayanagara Empire.
Which empire controlled the Strait of Malacca?
Srivijaya Empire.
What system did Hinduism use to structure Indian society?
The caste system (to create unification)
What major Hindu idea does Buddhism also believe in?
Reincarnation
What form of Islam emphasized mysticism and personal experience?
Sufism (achieve spiritual closeness through rituals, meditation, guidance of saints and spiritual leaders)
What empire had difficulty imposing Islam in India?
The Dehli Sultanate
What religion did the Majapahit Empire follow?
Hinduism
What movement encouraged devotion to monotheism and spiritual equality?
The Bhakti movement
What made Buddhism a universalizing religion?
It appealed to all people, regardless of class or background
What role did Islam play in India's social hierarchy?
It became the religion of the elite in some regions
Why couldn’t Islam replace Hinduism in many areas?
Hinduism was too deeply rooted in culture.
Which empire started Hindu and then became Buddhist?
Khmer empire
Why did Hinduism resist Islamic conversion in India?
Hinduism was deeply engraved in Indian culture and society
How had Buddhism changed by 1200-1450?
It became more exclusive, mostly monks sought nirvana
How did Islam spread to SE Asia?
Through trade and elite conversion (power)
How did religion influence resistance to foreign rule in South Asia?
Hindu states resisted Islamic rulers to preserve local beliefs and culture.
What was the religious affiliation of the Sinhala Dynasties?
Buddhism
How did the Bhakti movement challenge traditional Hindu social norms?
It rejected the caste system and promoted spiritual equality across all classes.
What was a reason for Buddhisms decline In SA (South Asia) during this time?
It became isolated in monasteries and lost broad appeal, while Islam and Hinduism gained ground.
How was Sufism similar to the Bhakti movement in Hinduism?
Both emphasized personal, emotionally spiritual experiences, and rejected social hierarchies
What was one way the Vijayanagara Empire demonstrated syncretism?
Though founded by Hindu rulers, it initially had Muslim leadership and adopted some Islamic political strategies
How did SEA empires use religion to legitimize their rule?
They adopted major Indian religions (Hinduism/Buddhism) to align with powerful cultural traditions and enhance royal authority.