French Revolution
What is an estate?
One of the three groups that made up French society during the time of the French Revolution
Who was the leader of Germany during its unification?
Otto von Bismarck
What was it called when landowners closed off large areas of land to create commercial farms?
Enclosure
What is the control of other lands by foreign states called?
Imperialism
In France, which Estate was responsible for paying the most taxes?
Third Estate
Which Estate was the largest and made up of common people?
Third Estate
Define Nationalism
The feeling of unity as a nation
What industry was the first to take off (grow quickly) during the Industrial Revolution
Textiles
Which European country gained the most colonies by engaging in imperialism?
Britain
Define Nation-State
A state in which citizens are united by shared interests such as religion, language, law, and culture
What were two causes of the French Revolution?
Possible responses:
The Third Estate was paying high taxes that they had difficulty affording
Crop failures and food shortages
Economy struggles: high unemployment, expensive wars
How did Napoleon inspire Nationalism in other parts of Europe?
1. Some wanted to follow France's lead and become a self-sufficient nation-state
2. Some wanted to overthrow foreign rulers (such as Napoleon) and gain independence
In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Britain
List two reasons why European nations participated in imperialism.
Possible answers:
1. Need for raw materials
2. Competition for empire
3. Search for new markets
4. Feelings of cultural superiority
True or False: European imperialists wanted to build factories in Africa and Asia
Their factories were located in Europe, they needed raw materials from these places as well as more people to sell their finished goods to.
How did Napoleon exercise his power over the rest of Europe?
He was constantly at war with other European nations and gained large expanses of territory for France.
What two countries' nationalist revolts were crushed in 1820, keeping monarchs in power?
1. Italy
2. Spain
Below is a cause and effect scenario. Which is the cause?
Workers lose control over their own labor
or
People begin working in factories
People begin working in factories
Describe gunboat diplomacy. Be sure to include which country used this strategy with Japan.
Gunboat Diplomacy occurs when a nation threatens to use firepower (military force) to get what they want from another country.
The United States used gunboat diplomacy to gain access to trade with Japan.
What was the goal of labor unions?
To fight for better pay and working conditions
Put the following events in order:
Declaration of Rights of Man
Reign of Terror
National Assembly is formed
Constitution of 1791
Napoleon
1. National Assembly is formed
2. Declaration of Rights of Man
3. Constitution of 1791
4. Reign of Terror
5. Napoleon
How did Italy finally achieve unification?
They held a popular election where people voted to unite northern and southern Italy as one country.
Describe how an increased population in Europe helped lead to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
A surplus of food led to a growing population in Europe. This larger population had a higher demand for goods such as textiles. Europeans had to figure out ways to produce higher quantities of material goods more quickly which eventually leads to factories and the Industrial Revolution.
Describe how the British took control of Chinese ports and created "spheres of influence"
Britain wanted greater access to trading ports to sell manufactured goods and opium. When China tried to shut down the opium trade, they went to war. After winning the Opium War, Britain made China agree to concessions. Britain and other European countries used this as an opportunity to take more and more control over China's trade ports and economy.
What was the cause of workers losing control over their labor (schedule, rate of work, pay) during the Industrial Revolution?
Leaving rural and home-based jobs to work in the factories