types of energy
What type of energy source is wind: renewable or non-renewable?
renewable
What is one reason global energy demand is increasing?
Population growth / industrialisation / increased wealth.
What is oil pollution?
Oil pollution is the contamination of the environment, especially water, by oil spills.
What does energy conservation mean?
Energy conservation means using less energy by saving or reducing waste.
What device is used in most power stations to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy?
Turbine/generator.
Which non-renewable energy source is formed from ancient marine organisms and used widely in transportation?
Oil
What is the term for creating energy from waste products such as landfill gas or incineration?
Waste-to-energy.
Name one common source of oil pollution in oceans.
Oil spills from ships or tankers.
Give one example of how people can conserve energy at home.
turning off lights when not needed
In a hydroelectric power station, what causes the turbine to spin?
Flowing or falling water.
Name two renewable energy sources that depend directly on the Sun.
wind and solar
Name three method of conserving energy in a home.
Insulation, double glazing, energy-efficient appliances.
How does oil pollution affect marine animals?
Oil can coat their bodies, making it hard for them to move, breathe, or keep warm.
Why is it important to manage energy resources carefully?
Because many energy sources are limited and managing them helps to avoid running out.
Which fossil fuel is most commonly used in thermal power stations?
Coal.
Geothermal energy relies on heat from where?
The Earth's interior/core.
A city aims to reduce its peak electricity demand. Suggest three effective strategies it could implement and explain how each helps.
Smart metering, demand-response programs, public campaigns on energy efficiency.
What is one method used to clean up oil spills?
Using absorbent materials like special sponges or booms to soak up the oil.
What is one way industries can help conserve energy?
By using energy-efficient machines and recycling waste heat.
Why is electricity from tidal power considered predictable compared to wind?
Tides follow a regular lunar cycle.
Compare two advantages and two disadvantages of nuclear power as an energy source.
Advantages: Low emissions, high energy output. Disadvantages: Radioactive waste, high costs/accident risk.
Explain why energy demand might rise as a country develops economically.
As a country develops, industries grow, people buy more appliances and vehicles, and overall energy use increases, causing higher energy demand.
Explain why oil pollution is difficult to fully remove from the environment.
Because oil spreads quickly, sinks into sediments, and breaks down slowly, making cleanup challenging and long-lasting.
Explain how using renewable energy sources helps in the management of energy resources.
Renewable energy sources, like solar and wind, do not run out and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, helping manage energy sustainably.
Describe the process of electricity generation in a coal-fired power station from fuel to output.
Coal is burned to heat water → steam turns turbines → turbines drive generators → electricity is produced.