This conveys air from the larynx to the two main bronchi, with the lungs and their air sacs as the ultimate destination (windpipe).
What is the trachea?
100
What are the 4 main components of blood?
What are erythrocytes, leucocytes, plasma, platelets?
100
Leucocytes are responsible for ________
What is immune responses?
100
This is the cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart. Also providing the contraction of the ventricles.
What is the myocardium?
100
This is the small mass of specialized muscle in the posterior wall of the right atrium.
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
200
This occurs when the air pressure in the lungs is lower than in the atmosphere by the contracting of the diaphragm.
What is inhalation?
200
There are at least 2 components to increase in respiration that precedes the increased oxygen requirement.
1) The first component is anticipation of exercise and may involve activation of the sympathetic nervous system in order to prepare the body for activity.
2) ???????????????
What is activation of stretch receptors (proprioceptors) in skeletal muscle and joints.
200
Hemoglobin concentrations in the blood are controlled by this hormone.
What is erythropoietin (EPO)?
200
Each side of the heart has an ________ which receives blood from a vein.
What is an atrium?
200
This is the lowest arterial pressure measured during left ventricular relaxation.
What is diastolic blood pressure?
300
This is the greatest volume of gas that, following maximum inhalation, can be expelled during a complete, slow, forced exhalation.
What is Vital Capacity?
300
A decrease in the bicarbonate in the blood leads to a higher acidity. This would trigger what change in breathing by the nervous system?
What is a decrease in the rate and depth of respirations?
300
This is the removal of some blood from an athlete after training at altitude which stimulates an increase of RBC’s. This blood is reintroduced to the athlete just before competition to increase athletic performance
What is blood doping?
300
This is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart.
What is pulmonary circulation?
300
_______________ innervation originates in the medulla and passes to the heart by way of the vagus nerves and slows the heart. This slowing of the heart is called ____________ .
What is Parasympathetic : bradycardia?
400
This is the volume representing the amount of air left in the lungs after a forced exhalation; this volume cannot be measured, only calculated.
What is Residual Volume?
400
What are two of three attributes that align with the properties of the alveoli to assist with gas exchange?
What is large surface area, large capillary network, walls one cell thick?
400
Thick muscular walls with considerable pressure exerted by the oxygen-rich blood within.
What are arteries?
400
This is the correct sequence of the impulse created by the heart (4 steps).
What is: the SA node - AV node - bundle of His (AV Bundle) - purkinje fibers?
400
This is the difference between the oxygen content of arterial blood and venous blood.
What is Arterio-venous oxygen difference?
500
Inflation of the lung tissue stimulates __________________ in the bronchioles that inhibit inspiration and stimulate expiration
What are stretch receptors?
500
Hemoglobin is the _________ containing oxygen transport protein in the red blood cells. Each molecule of hemoglobin can carry ____ oxygen molecules
What is iron : 4?
500
Delivers deoxygenated (low oxygen content) back towards the heart.
What are veins? (IVC & SVC ok).
500
The __________valve and __________valve control blood flow from the atria to the ventricles.
What is mitral (bicuspid) : tricuspid?
500
Briefly explain the two ways people experience cardiovascular drift we discussed in class.
What is sweating (dehydration) & motor unit fatigue (recruitment of more motor units)?