The Early Middle Ages in Europe
Historians call this the period between ancient and modern times
What was the Middle Ages
These are followers of polytheistic religions
What are pagans
These individuals were legally bound to their Lord's land, while they couldn't be bought or sold they still were not “free”
What were serfs?
A form of crop rotation in which a third of the land was planted with spring crops, a third was planted with winter crops, and a third was left to fallow.
What is a three-field system?
Where monks and nuns lived to pursue personal salvation through prayer and meditation
What are monasteries?
This Frankish leader defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe.
Who is Clovis I
This was the Britain-born Catholic missionary and Irish Bishop who was sold into slavery as a child, and spent years traveling widely and converting many people to Christianity eventually writing about it in the Confession.
Who is St. Patrick
Knights were expected to live by this code of conduct.
This allowed merchants to deposit large amounts of money in a bank in one city and withdraw it in another to avoid robbery or loss of a fortune through a shipwreck or some other disaster.
What is bills of Exchange
This individual founded the Franciscan order, one of the best known mendicant orders to fight heresy and preach to ordinary people.
Who is Francis of Assisi
This individual has a 46 year reign as king of the Franks and was the grandson of Charles Martel.
Who is Charlemagne
A series of rules for monastic life set up by an Italian monk named Benedict
What is The Benedictine Rule
What was manor life like for serfs and peasants?
Manor life was difficult for serfs and peasants, they were often bound to the land, had to grow food for manner residents and their own families, raise livestock, and do hard labor
The main function of this group or organization was to protect workers, regulate quality of goods, set prices, and control where goods were sold.
What are guilds?
What areas of art were influenced by the Church?
How Charlemagne extended his rule
what is he his armies fought wars to gain territories across Europe
How did monasteries help keep classical Greek and Roman civilization alive?
Their libraries contained Greek and Roman works which monks and nuns copied.
How did towns offer greater freedom to peasants?
Because towns were located outside the manor, they offered more freedom from the Lord's control and governance.
How did increasing trade affect society?
Increased trade led to wealth, more and larger cities, movement to Urban areas, specialization, and more power to Merchants and towns
How did universities develop?
Universities developed from cathedral schools that had been set up to train and educate priests.
How did Charlemagne work to unite much of Western Europe?
His military victories, spread of Christianity, and support of education helped unite much of Western Europe.
How did missionaries work to expand Christendom?
Missionaries traveled across Europe to convert pagans to Christianity.
How did the distribution of power under feudalism help preserve order?
Power was distributed as follows: Kings provided money, recruited armies, and granted land to their many lords; powerful lords protected the king, managed his territory, and gave fiefs to vassals in exchange for service, loyalty, and money or food; knights protected both the lords and the King; peasants and serfs worked the land, often bound to the manor. This well-defined system helped everyone know his or her place in society and helped maintain the social order.
How did new technology and crop rotation lead to an increase in population?
New technology such as the plow helped farmers farm more land. Crop rotation allowed lands to produce more food. Increased food production supported an increase in population.
What did the code of chivalry require of medieval knights?
Chivalry was an important concept because it required nights to be brave, honest, loyal to their Lords and fair in battle. It helped preserve social order.