Unit Vocabulary
______________ is a writing system made up of a combination of pictures and sound symbols.
Hieroglyphics
Where was the Ancient Egyptian civilization located?
The ancient Egyptian civilization was located in the narrow strip of fertile land along the Nile River.
Why was it easy for the Egyptians to farm in the Nile River Valley?
The annual predictable flooding and rich soil helped agriculture to develop around the Nile River.
Who united Egypt as one civilization?
King Narmer of Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt uniting the two kingdoms around 3100 B.C.E.
How was farming different in Nubia?
Farming in Nubia was different because they had fertile soil and some areas received rainfall all year long. They grew beans, rice, yams, and grains.
Who were the Hyksos?
The Hyksos were a group of immigrants from Southwest Asia who settled in Lower Egypt.
A _______ is a bucket attached to a long pole used to transfer water from a river to storage bins.
shadoof
What natural barriers protected the ancient Egyptians?
The geographic features of the delta marshland, cataract, and desert created natural barriers that protected the ancient Egyptians.
What was the role of the pharaoh?
The role of pharaoh was to control and oversee political and religious matters in Egypt. They were important to the Egyptians because they were considered all-powerful. It was believed that the pharaoh was the son of Re, the son god.
Who was Tutankhamen?
Tutankhamen became pharaoh when he was 9 years old after Akhenaton died. He ruled for 9 years and died unexpectedly. British archaeologist, Howard Carter, discovered Tut’s tomb in 1922.
Who taught the Kushites how to make iron?
Kush learned from the Assyrians how to make iron.
When King Narmer united Egypt, where did he build the captial?
He built the capital city at Memphis.
A __________ is a line of rulers from one family.
dynasty
Who else, besides the Egyptians, settled in the Nile River Valley?
The Kushites
Describe the Egyptian social/class system.
An Egyptians social status was defined by their role in society. The pharaoh and his family were the highest position followed by the upper class of priests, scribes, military commanders, and nobles. Traders and artisans made up the middle class. The lower class were the farmers, unskilled workers, and enslaved people.
What cultural advancements did the Hyksos bring to Egypt?
They brought cultural advancements such as the horse-drawn war chariot, the bronze bow, and bronze weapons.
How did iron impact the civilization of Kush?
The use of iron gave them the ability to make better tools and weapons. This boosted military strength and farming ability.
Who were the Pyramids of Giza built for?
The three pyramids of Giza were built as tombs for Khufu and his two sons. The pyramids were covered in limestone. The largest of the three is pharaoh Khufu’s and is called The Great Pyramid.
________ is a reed plant cut into strips and pressed together to create a writing surface.
Papyrus
Where did the Kushites settle?
They were located in a region called Nubia south of Egypt.
What did Egyptians believe about the afterlife?
The Egyptians believed that a person’s soul lived in their body, so the body needed to be protected for the soul to make the journey to the afterlife. This is why they developed embalming and created mummies
Who was Queen Hatshepsut?
Queen Hatshepsut was one of the few women who ruled Egypt. After the death of her husband, Thutmose II, she made herself ruler. She represented herself as a male pharaoh. She built elaborate temples and restored old monuments. Art, architecture, and trade thrived during her rule.
How did Nubia's location make it a trading kingdom?
Kush was located between Egypt and southern Africa. This gave them access to the main route of travel. They would acquire items from central Africa to trade in Egypt and obtain items from Egypt to sell in central Africa.
What roles did women have in Ancient Egypt?
The roles of women were various in ancient Egypt. Women served in government, were priests, stayed at home, and worked in the fields. They had freedoms and rights such as owning property, buying and selling goods, and obtaining divorces.
________ is the process of treating a body to prevent it from decaying.
What direction does the Nile River flow?
The Nile River flows north.
Why did the Egyptians build pyramids?
The Egyptians built pyramids to honor their pharaohs. They were used as burial places for pharaohs, and their family, when they died. All of pharaoh’s belongings were stored with them in the pyramids when they died.
Who was Ramses II?
Ramses II was a pharaoh of Egypt during the New Kingdom. He reigned for 66 years. He extended the kingdom, devoted himself to peace, and built the magnificent temple of Karnak in Thebes.
Who bought iron products from the Kushites?
They also traded their iron products with Arabia, India, China, and Rome.
What was life like for children in Ancient Egypt?
Children in ancient Egypt played and learned trades from their parents. Few children attended school. They were expected to marry when they became teenagers.
A ______ is an area formed by soil deposits that build up as river water slows down.
delta
What did the Egyptians use the Nile River for?
The ancient Egyptians used the Nile River for drinking water, bathing, fishing, cooking, cleaning, and farming.
What advancements were made by the Egyptians when they were building the pyramids?
Several advancements were made when building the pyramids. Once advancement was the invention of the 365-day calendar year with 12 months. Other advancements were a system of numbers based on 10 and fractions.
Who were the Egyptian gods Re and Osiris?
The Egyptians looked to Re for help growing crops. They believed Osiris would give eternal life to people who had led a good life.
How did Egypt and Nubia influence one another?
The Egyptians influence in Nubian culture can be seen in their adoption of pyramid building. Nubian workers built large mounds like the pyramids as tombs for their kings. They also adopted the use of hieroglyphics and the worship of Egyptian gods and goddesses. The Nubians influenced the Egyptians in their example of excellence in trade and military affairs.
Who did the New Kingdom trade with? What did they trade?
In the New Kingdom, Egypt traded with Arabia, East Africa, and Phoenicia. They exchanged beads, metal tools, and weapons for ebony wood, gold, ivory, and incense with Arabia and East Africa. They exchanged wheat, paper, tin, copper, gold and tools for purple dye, cedar wood, and furniture with the Phoenicians.