Diversity
Measuring the number of species tells us this type of richness
What is species richness?
This process acts on genetic variation, causing advantageous traits to increase in frequency
What is natural selection?
These narrow strips of natural habitat connect fragmented landscapes but can spread disease
What are wildlife corridors?
Parks that are this shape help reduce edge effects compared to long, thin designs
What is round (or compact)?
The giant panda is an example of this type of species
What is a flagship species?
What is the Hinewai Reserve in New Zealand?
This permanent alteration in genetic material can be transmitted to descendants
What is a mutation?
This organisation maintains the Red List that assesses global conservation status
What is the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature)?
National parks, reserves, and sanctuaries represent this type of conservation in natural habitats
What is in situ conservation?
This invasive species spread avian tuberculosis in the United Kingdom
What are muskrats?
When populations are similar in size across species, an ecosystem has high levels of this
What is species evenness (or evenness)?
During the Industrial Revolution, darker versions of this insect became more common due to polluted trees
What is the peppered moth?
Marine areas where fishing is completely prohibited are known as these zones
What are no-take zones (or no-take marine zones)?
Reintroducing apex predators and keystone species are methods of this regenerative approach
What is rewilding?
These boundary changes in population structure occur where two or more habitats meet
What are edge effects?
This formula D = N(N-1) / Σn(n-1) is used to calculate this measure of biodiversity
What is Simpson's reciprocal index?
This type of speciation occurs when populations are separated by geographic barriers
What is allopatric speciation?
When climate change reduces this capacity to recover, other threats have amplified impacts
What is resilience?
Popular species like pandas that help justify protecting entire ecosystems are called this
What are flagship species?
The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument in Hawaii is the largest of these zones in the world
What are no-take marine zones?
This multilateral treaty protects endangered plants and animals
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
The evolution of one group into many specialized types is called this
What is adaptive radiation?
Table Mountain ghost frog changed from endangered to this more severe status in 2004
What is critically endangered?
This UN treaty includes the Nagoya Protocol and addresses both species and habitat conservation
What is the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?
The valuation of ecotourism, genetic resources is an example of this type of argument in favour of the preservation of habitats
What are economic arguments?