The Enlightenment
These French social gatherings, often hosted by prominent women like Madame Geoffrin, served as a primary way for Enlightenment ideas to spread.
What are salons?
These two founding documents, ratified in 1787 and 1791 respectively, codified Enlightenment principles into the new U.S. government.
What are the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights?
Before the revolution, French society was divided into these three rigid social hierarchies where commoners lacked a political voice.
What are the Three Estates?
Before gaining independence, the colony of ________ was considered the wealthiest colony of this European power.
What is Saint-Domingue?
This island served as Napoleon’s final place of exile following his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
What is St. Helena?
A major debate of the Enlightenment era was between mercantilism and this economic system, which advocates for a free market with no trade regulation.
What is capitalism?
Written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, this document asserted natural rights and listed colonial grievances against the King.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This three-word slogan, encouraged by the Enlightenment, became the rallying cry for the French Revolution.
What is "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"?
This former slave was a pivotal leader who united rebel forces to defeat the French, Spanish, and British armies.
Who is Toussaint Louverture?
In 1804, Napoleon performed this symbolic act to demonstrate that his authority came from his own merit rather than the Church or divine right.
What is crowning himself Emperor?
In his Two Treatises of Civil Government, he claimed that all people are entitled to the God-given rights of "Life, Liberty, and Property."
Who is John Locke?
This 1783 agreement officially recognized the independence of the United States and established its national borders.
What is the Treaty of Paris?
This radical phase from 1793 to 1794 was characterized by mass executions and was led by Maximilien Robespierre.
What is the Reign of Terror?
Upon its establishment in 1804, Haiti earned these two historical "firsts" in the modern world.
What is the first successful slave revolution and the first Black-led republic?
This comprehensive legal system replaced feudal laws, emphasizing property rights and the equality of all men before the law.
What is the Napoleonic Code?
This thinker concluded that the best way to prevent tyranny was to divide government into three separate branches—legislative, executive, and judicial—to keep power in check.
Who is Montesquieu?
These two 1775 battles marked the beginning of armed conflict between American colonists and British forces.
What are the battles of Lexington and Concord?
The revolutionary period in France effectively ended in 1799 when this military leader took power in a coup.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
This 1789 French document served as a major intellectual influence for the free people of color and enslaved Africans demanding liberty in Haiti.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
To weaken Great Britain, Napoleon implemented this flawed economic blockade designed to stop British goods from entering Europe.
What is the Continental System?
This philosopher argued that man is a "noble savage" in a state of nature, but is eventually corrupted by society, famously stating that "consent of the governed" is what makes a government legitimate.
Who is Jean Jacques Rousseau?
Colonists opposed these three specific British legislative acts because they were imposed without parliamentary representation
What are the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, and Tea Act?
This 1789 event, involving the attack on a state prison, became a powerful symbol of the revolt against royal tyranny.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
After Toussaint Louverture was captured in 1802, leadership of the Haitian Revolution passed to this man, who officially declared independence in 1804.
Who is Jean-Jacques Dessalines?
This 1799 event saw Napoleon overthrow the Directory to establish himself as the First Consul of France.
What is the Coup of 18 Brumaire?