The Rock Cycle
A natural process that describes how rocks change from one type to another over time
The rock cycle
The Earth consists of ____ layers.
Four (4)
Four (4)
Where plates meet; they can divide, come together, or slide past each other.
Earth's Lithosphere broken into large pieces
Tectonic plates
This type of rock is formed from magma.
Igneous
100 BONUS POINTS: This layer is composed mostly of _______ containing _____ & _____.
Mantle; BONUS ANSWERS: Solid rock, Iron & Magnesium
The Atmosphere
What are the different types of plate boundaries?
Divergent, convergent, and transform
How do tectonic plates move?
50 BONUS POINTS: If you answered correctly, Expand on the answer (how does this process take place?)
Convection currents; BONUS ANSWER: Convection currents occur when material gets hot and rises, then cools off and sinks.
Describe the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock.
Intrusive: Magma cools beneath the Earth's surface (results in larger crystals due to slow cooling)
Extrusive: Magma cools on the Earth's surface (results in smaller crystals due to rapid cooling)
These layers of the Earth make up the Lithosphere
Crust and Mantle
Describe the difference between the Hydrosphere and the Biosphere.
The Hydrosphere is composed of all the water on Earth and the Biosphere is composed of ALL living things on Earth.
Plates move together at this type of boundary.
50 BONUS POINTS: Explain how earthquakes occur at this type of boundary.
Convergent boundaries; BONUS ANSWER: When tectonic plates collide, they cause friction and stress to build up.
The movement of Earth's plates causes ___________.
Continental drift
The following processes describe the formation of which types of rock:
1. Heating and cooling
2. Compacting and cementation
3. Extreme heat and pressure
1. Igneous rock
2. Sedimentary rock
3. Metamorphic rock
This layer of the Earth is a dense ball of solid metal; despite its high temperatures, its extremely high pressure prevents its components from spreading out and becoming liquid.
This sphere consists of components such as: The Earth's crust, Mantle, Core, Rocks, Minerals.
The Geosphere
When a more dense plate sinks below a less dense plate, causing the descending plate to melt due to increasing temperature and pressure.
Complete the sentence: Earthquakes occur along _____ lines and cause a large amount of _____ to be released. This creates _____ waves which cause the ground to shake.
Fault; energy; seismic
The Grand Canyon is an example of how metamorphic rock was changed into sediment due to ______ & ______, which was then ______ & ______ to form sedimentary rock.
This layer of the Earth is made up of molten (liquid), iron and nickel. This layer is under high pressure, but remains a liquid because of its high temperature.
100 BONUS POINTS: This layer is thought to be responsible for the Earth's _____________.
The outer core; BONUS ANSWER: Magnetic field.
A volcanic eruption releases molten rock, creating ash clouds and harming plants and animals. This is an example of which of Earth's spheres interacting?
Geosphere (Molten rock), Atmosphere (ash clouds), and Biosphere (living plants and animals)
How are mid-ocean ridges evidence that a new ocean basin will form?
Mid-ocean ridges occur at plate boundaries that are pulling apart. This causes magma to rise and form new oceanic crust, which through sea-floor spreading, will continue to expand and create an ocean basin.
Describe how the Hawaiian Islands formed over a hotspot
Magma erupts from a fixed spot in the mantle, as plates move over these hot spots volcanoes and islands are created. The islands move away from the hot spot and cool.