Soil Formation Factors
The 5 factors that influence soil formation
What are climate, time, bedrock, landscape, and organisms present
Large scale farms that often support monocultures, and rely on many fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and heavy machinery
What are Commercial Farms
The 3 sub-categories of Malnutrition and their definitions
Undernourishment: not receiving enough calories
Unbalanced diet: not receiving essential vitamins or other nutrients (no veggies or no protein; only cereals)
Overnourishment: simply eating too much, can lead to obesity
The loss of soil from water or wind
what is erosion
Unweathered parent material
What is the R horizon
The way time can impact soil formation
Soil takes so long to build up from decomposition, that letting an area exist undisturbed still requires a long period of time to have significant creation of soil
Small scale farms that typically have a diversity of crops and the crops are grown to feed the farmers or a local community
What are Subsistence Farms
The difference between food waste problems in MEDC's vs LEDC's
LEDC's cannot properly store their food, and MEDC's typically throw out food that isn't consumed
fences and shrubs around exposed soil can help prevent this from happening...
What is wind erosion
Decayed and partially decaying organic matter (some humus)
What is the O horizon
Climate's role in soil formation
The ideal climate conditions for soil formation are a warm and wet environment (similar to rainforest)
Farms that only have livestock
What are Pastoral Farms
Culture, politics, climate, socio-economic status
continuously growing crops on the same plot of land that can lead to depleting the soil of essential nutrients causing it to dry up and be prone to erosion
What is overcropping
Zone of eluviation and leaching
What is the E horizon
Organism's role in soil formation
Organisms contribute to soil formation by helping to naturally mix the soil and cycle nutrients. They can also help with decomposition will helps contribute more humus into the soil
Farms that rely on a lot of inputs. They often produce a high yield, but that wouldn't be possible without support from the various inputs.
What are Intensive method farms
Explain climate as a food choice factor
climate will determine what can be grown in certain areas and throughout particular times of the year. some fruits we want year round need to be shipped in and the price can fluctuate.
when a small portion of the top soil is removed by water over a large area
what is sheet washing
Mineral matter mixed with humus
A horizon
Bedrock's formation in soil formation
The parent material is slowly weathered and broken up over time and moves up near the top soil. The bedrock will determine mineral content of the soil and provide structure.
farms that produce crops for the sole purpose of selling them
What are Cash Cropping farms
Explain how culture impacts food choice
Culture plays a role in food choice because of the things people are brought up eating heavily influence their preference. Crabs are an important part of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem but since they are so readily available, they are a part of Maryland culture and we choose to eat them more than other land locked states
The best way to conserve soil on partially degraded land
What is letting the field rest, and not plowing to force production.
(Double points if you knew to include: applying planned livestock grazing to try and replenish the land/soil)
Accumulation of clay, iron and alluminum
what is the B horizon