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Language Varieties
Dialects
Most European languages (like English, Irish, Spanish, Greek, and Albanian) are in this language group
Indo-European
citizens have little or no say in the direction of this kind of government
Dictatorship
Someone who speaks two languages
bilingual
the religion of the ottoman empire
Islam
What two bodies make up Britain's parliament?
House of Lords and House of Commons
What is British voters' connection to the selection of the country's prime minister?
They do not select the PM directly; the PM is the leader of the political party that has a majority of members in the House of Commons
Global financial crisis in 2008 led to a huge economic downturn; some European countries suffered much more than others (Latvia, Lithuania, Ireland, Spain, Greece); these countries have been given loans by wealthier countries, but spending has had to come dow,n and taxes have gone up
Euro crisis
Having to do with population trends and the different groups that make up the population of a place or region
Demographic
Shrinking due to low fertility rate (women are having fewer children); number of elderly people is rising (taxes must go up to pay for their health care and retirement)
Europe's population
A process of long-term change in the Earth's climate; the continent has seen higher temperatures, less participation, and rising sea levels
Climate change
site of a nuclear power plant explosion in 1986; caused sickness and death due to radiation; the area around the plant is still contaminated
Chernobyl
What are the major economic benefits of membership in the European Union?
Free trade without taxes or other trade barriers; free movement of people among countries for work and education
Gases that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and make the planet warmer
Greenhouse gases
Constitutional monarchy
Theocracy
- The legislative branch has the most power
- Parliament is elected by the people and makes the laws
-Parliament chooses the prime minister (head of national government)
Parlimentary democracy
The ability to start and grow new business
Entrepreneurship
What effect has access to water had on Europe's industry?
Water power helped drive the Industrial Revolution. Europe's long coastlines and rivers have encouraged trade.
Employee's knowledge and skills
Human capital
Which regions of Europe are the most appealing to migrants economically?
Major western European cities, especially those in France, Germany, and Britain
Today, many European cities face _________
Air pollution; countries are working to develop alternative forms of energy like wind and solar power to solve the problem
- Has a president who leads national government
- President is elected by the people
- President has powers in domestic issues
______ is a product of air pollution
Acid rain: chemicals from burning coal and other fossil fuels produce it; polluted water and soil lead to birth defects, cancer, and other diseases
How has physical geography impacted languages?
Mountains, forests, and other physical barriers separated speakers of different dialects; these dialects eventually grew less alike and became entirely separated languages