mutations
what is a substitution mutation?
where one certain DNA base is swapped for a different one.
what are the three steps of transcription?
initiation, elongation, and termination
what are the three steps of translation?
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination
what are the four bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.
what bases are in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
What mutation deletes an amino acid?
Deletion point mutation
what enzymes are used in transcription?
RNA polymerase
what enzymes are used in translation?
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
what are the three parts of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, and one of the nitrogenous bases.
what bases are in RNA?
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
What type of mutation has no effect on the amino acid sequnces?
silent mutation
what is the end result of transcription?
RNA
what is the end result of translation?
proteins
is DNA single or double stranded?
double
What are the bases for a stop codon?
UGA, UAA, UAG
Nonsense Mutation
where in the cell does transcription occur?
the nucleus
what are the three forms of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
is RNA single or double stranded?
what enzymes are used during DNA replication?
helicase, DNA polymerase, and ligase.
what is the definition of a mutation?
a change in an organism's DNA sequence
what is the role of the promoter region?
it begins the process of transcription.
where in the cell does translation occur?
cytoplasm
what sugar is found in DNA?
deoxyribose
what direction do enzymes synthesize in?
5' to 3'