Epidemiology Definitions
Levels of Prevention
Community Epidemiology
Epidemiology
Multiple choice
100
This rate measures the incidence and prevalence of death rates
What is the mortality rate
100
Interventions designed to increase the probability of an early diagnosis so that treatment is likely to result in cure? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary Prevention
Secondary prevention
100
A living species (human or animal) capable of being infected or affected by an agent, is the definition of what?
-What is the host
100
Fluoridation of water would be an example of A) primary prevention strategy B) secondary prevention strategy C) tertiary prevention strategy D) It is not a prevention strategy
What is A - primary prevention strategy
200
The number of new cases in a population at risk in a given period is the definition of what?
What is the incidence rate
200
A community health nurse is working with disaster relief following a flood, finding safe housing for survivors, providing support for families, organizing counseling, and securing physical care. What level of prevention is the nurse practicing? Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention
What is Tertiary Prevention
200
Climate, plant and animal life, human population distribution, socioeconomic factors, working conditions, are examples of what part of the epidemiological triad?
What is the environment
200
One of the fundamental premises underlying the study of epidemiology is… A) Disease, illness and ill health are randomly distributed in a population. B) Disease, illness and ill health are not randomly distributed in a population. C) Disease, illness and ill health are only randomly distributed in large populations. D) Disease, illness and ill health are very rarely distributed in large populations.
What is B - Disease, illness and ill health are not randomly distributed in a population.
300
The number of diseases in a population defines what?
What is Morbidity
300
Quality control, food safety and basic sanitization are examples of which level of prevention? Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention
What is Primary Prevention
300
A nurse working in Gutamela wants to see the relationships of factors within the community she/he is working in to determine the risk of common diseases. What epidemiology template may she use?
What is the Web of Causation
300
Which of the following is not a primary requirement for conducting screening for disease control A) Prevalence of the disease should be high in the population under study B) There should be a favorable prognosis for early treatment of the disease C) The government should fund the program. D) The disease should be serious
What is C) The government should fund the program. GOVERNMENT FUNDING IS NOT A REQUIREMENT.
400
A measure of the relationship between 2 numbers expressed as the quotient of one divided by the other is the definition of what?
What is a rate
400
The nurse is participating at a health fair at the local market giving vaccinations to senior citizens. What level of prevention is the nurse practicing? Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention
What is Primary prevention
400
How do you determine if a health concern exists in a community?
Look at the prevalence rate. Determining the prevalence rate helps determine which health concerns exist in communities. Prevalence rate identifies the number of persons in a population who have a disease or experienced an event at a specific period (old and new cases included).
400
Which of the following refers to the total number of individuals infected in a population at any one time? A) Morbidity rate B) Prevalence rate C) Mortality rate D) Epidemic rate
What is B) Prevalence rate - refers to the number of persons in a population who have a disease in a given time. E.g. # of old and new cases / # of population at risk
500
What is the difference between epidemic, endemic, and pandemic and provide an example for each.
- Epidemic – occurrence of a disease in a population that exceed normal expectancy e.g. Ebola - Endemic – refers to the constant presence of a disease within a population E.g. cardiovascular disease - Pandemic – refers to an epidemic occurring worldwide and affecting large population e.g. SARS
500
Describe 3 of the 5 characteristics of a successful screening program.
- Valid: A high probability of correct classification of persons tested. - Reliable: Results are consistent from place to place, time to time, and person to person. - Facility for large group administration: Fast both in administration of the test and in obtaining results, and inexpensive in both personnel required and the materials and procedures used. - Innocuous: Few, if any, side effects, and the test is minimally invasive. - High yield: Can detect enough new cases to justify the effort and expense.
500
What two questions should you ask when making a web of causation?
1. What factors are contributing to the problem? 2. What issues does each problem cause?
500
A person’s risk of death in a given population at a specified time refers to: A) Case fatality rate B) Proportionate mortality ratio C) Crude mortality rate D) Infant mortality rate
What is C) Crude mortality rate – is a person’s risk of death in a given population at a specified time
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