Topic 7 A-D
Either on land or underwater, such as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, chlorine dioxide, dissolve w/water and change ph to more acidic.
metals from hydrothermal vents rust
release salts increasing the salinity
what is volcanic eruptions?
temp at surface in tropical waters is always highest due to more solar energy.
temp decreases at poles due to less direct sunlight
what is temperature profiles
regular rise and fall of sea level is referred to as the tide and is due to the gravitational effects of the sun, moon, earth and rotation of earth. Moon has a greater effect on the pull of water (gravitational pull). High and low tides are caused by centrifugal forces from earths rotation (bulge of h2o on 1 side)
what is tides?
Current:continuous movement of sea water in one direction
winds/rivers,& upwelling are involved in the formation of surface ocean currents
temperature and salinity are involved in the formation of DEEP ocean currents
What is Currents?
a seasonal change/reversal in the direction of winds/atmospheric circulation
What is Monsoon?
water on land from precipitation can weather rocks and erosion carries it to rivers/streams to the ocean carrying with it pollutants.
what is runoff
surface: oxygen increases due to wave action/wind/mixing of air
0 to 100m: oxygen inc. from photosynthetic phytoplankton marine organism use oxygen during respiration.
below 100: no turbulence = less oxygen
no light/photosynthesis= less oxygen
marine organisms use oxygen during respiration & decomposition
what is dissolved oxygen
Factors that affect tidal range?
when earth, moon, and sun are aligned
nature of the coast
tapering river mouth
size of body of water
decrease in air pressure
increase in wind speed.
the process that occurs when wind blows across the ocean surface, pushing water away(displacement)
deeper-colder water rises and replaces the water that was on top
significant vertical movement of water occurs
brings nutrients to the top/surface
what is upwelling/sea bed
indian experiences a wet summer monsoon because the land heats up quickly & there is a relatively large temperature difference, this is because of the waters higher specific heat capacity. Air over land becomes less dense and rises creating low pressure.
winter monsoon
Summer monsoon
What is NEED TO KNOW
Land cools faster than water air over water is warm
water about retain heat long air over water is colder
photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.
respiration removes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
what is biological processes
photosynthetic phytoplankton producing oxygen
marine organisms using oxygen during respiration
anaerobic bacteria release oxygen during decomposition
aerobic bacteria use up oxygen during decomposition
remember*
anaerobic- w/o air
aerobic- w/ air
what is biological factors
what is tidal range and what are tide times?
tidal range- difference in height between lowest low & highest high tides. subtract highest high from lowest low.
Tide times
lunar day=24 hrs and 50 min, high to high. next day would be that time +50
1 high tide to next successful high tide is 12 hours and 25 minutes
high tide to low tide is 6 hours & 13 mins
occurs in the southern pacific ocean
in an el nino year water is warmer and blows east instead of west causing warm water to switch directions
australia experiences SEVERE drought
because of warm water upwelling can't occur which causes a depletion in anchovies
what is El Nino?
a large, low pressure centre and many thunderstorms with strong winds and heavy rain. OTHER NAMES HURRICANE OR TYPHOON
in order to form must be over warm sea water, low pressure area, rotation of earth(Coriolis effect)
cause structural damage to communities, damage to trees/habitats, storm surge causes flooding death/disease, destroy sea base industries
benefits: rain to dry areas, replenish nutrients, seed dispersal, removes non-native plants
what is cyclones?
salinity decreases the closer to shore from runoff
salinity decreases=runoff increases
salinity stays the same at the equator
volcanoes release carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorine from hydrochloric gas, flu orine gas (floride)
calcium carbonate is necessary for the formation of marine organisms' shells
what is Surface salinity
pressure decreasing then oxygen decreases
temperature decreases then oxygen increases
salinity increases then oxygen decreases
turbulence from mixing of air/wind/wave action then oxygen increases
what is physical factors
surface ocean currents are generally driven by the wind and have a clockwise spiral in the N hemisphere, counter-clockwise in the S hemisphere.
What is Wind?
what happens when a cyclone hits and and when the distance from the cyclone increases?
when a cyclone hits land;
less water, no evaporation, less energy
as distance from the eyewall increases air pressure increases, rain fall decreases, wind speed decreases.
depth inc=density inc
depth inc=salinity incd
what is density
oxygen in fresh/salt water
fresh-higher in oxygen concentration
salt- low oxygen concentration
deep ocean currents are driven by density gradients.
temp and salinity affect density, higher salinity = higher density
warm water rises while cold water sinks
this sinking and rising is what causes currents.
What is density?
rise of sea water above mean sea level caused by severe low pressure system and high winds
what is storm surge?