Category 1
first ten amendments to the Constitution
Bill of Rights
term used for positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people
Civil Rights
the process of incorporating, or including, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause
Process of Incorporation
crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts
sedition
the power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action
Judicial Review
guarantees of the safety of persons, opinion, and property from the arbitrary acts of government, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion
Civil Liberties
part of the 14th amendment which guarantees that no State deny basic rights to its people
Due Process Clause
the second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom; guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever they choose to believe in matters of religion
Free Exercise Clause
court order that prevents unjust arrests and imprisonments
write of habeus corpus
the opinion on which the decision of the Court is based, which identifies the issues in the case and the reasons for the decision
Majority opinion
part of the 1st amendment of the Constitution that guarantees the separation of church and state
Establishment Clause
a form of protest in which people deliberately but non-violently violate the law as a means of expressing their opposition to come particular law of public policy
Civil Disobedience
part of the 5th amendment stating that no person can be put in jeopardy of life or limb twice; once a person has been tried for a crime, they cannot be tried again for the same crime
Double Jeopardy (get it?)
the presiding officer of the House of Representatives, chose by and from the majority party in the House
Speaker of the House
an opinion written by a justice who does not agree with the Court’s decision, explaining reasons why not
dissenting opinion
idea that the laws of a state, or of the nation, must treat any given individual in the same way as it would treat other individuals who are in similar conditions and circumstance
equal protection
formal complaint before a grand jury that charges the accused with one or more crimes
indictment
constitutional rights that police must read to a suspect before questioning can occur
Miranda Rule
a stalling tactic in which senators monopolize the Senate floor with talk and other delays so a bill cannot be brought to a vote
Filibuster
directive, rule, or regulation issued by a chief executive or subordinates, based upon constitutional or statutory authority and having the force of law
executive order