Computer programming and the activities it involves
what is programming language
A programming language is a formal language consisting of a set of instructions, commands, and syntax rules that are used to create software programs.
HOW MANY paradigms are
4
what does OOP stand for?)
Object-oriented programming
which paradigm is used by most popular programming languages
OOP
what do you call the ability of a machine to mimic human behavior
ai
let's take the definition of what syntax is
Syntax refers to the rules and structure governing the arrangement of symbols, words, and phrases in a programming language
how many and what types of typing language exist
2 static and dynamic
how many OOP concepts do you know
4
what mean cross-platform (0:) ?
Cross-platform refers to the ability of software, applications, or technologies to run on multiple platforms or operating systems
how to name the ability to identify words using artificial intelligence
speach recognition
what differences between software engineer and programmer
most programmers focus on the coding process
Let's take the definition of what a paradigm is
It set of principles, concepts, and practices that guide the development of software solutions
define what a class is
a blueprint or template for creating objects (instances) that share a common structure and behavior
what 3 languages most popular in US
Python Java JS
what is the area of human life in which we are currently using artificial intelligence
smart home virtual assistance e.t.c
what types of errors are you aware of? Define these errors.
1 syntax 2 logic 3 runtime
1occurs when the syntax of a programming language is violated
2occurs when a program runs without crashing but produces incorrect results due to flaws in its logic
3occurs while a program is executing
what is a low-level programming language? add some history
language that provides little to no abstraction from the hardware of the computer system, 1952 first
list and describe the access modifiers
public-makes class members accessible from anywhere private- restricts access to class members to within the same class protected-allows class members to be accessed within the same package or by subclasses
describe pluses and minuses of Python
+:Python is easy to code and learn.It is a free and open-source language thatyou can easily get from the officialwebsite.Python is the best option for craftinggraphical apps.Python is a high-level language withextensible feature support.It is an integrated and portable language
-:The speed of Python is slow as comparedto C and C++.It does not provide a good choice formobile development.You should avoid selecting Python inmemory-intensive tasks.It has limitations with database access.Python gives more runtime errors andthat's why requires focusing on testing
what is predictive analytics
refers to the use of advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques to analyze historical data and make predictions about future events or outcomes. It combines the capabilities of artificial intelligence, statistical modeling, and data mining to identify patterns, trends, and relationships in data and generate actionable insights.
list the programming activities and what 2 of them involves(you choose)
1Requirements Analysis 2Design 3coding 4testing 5Debugging 6Integration 7Deployment 8Maintenance 9Documentation 10Version Control
list and define each of the paradigms
procedural-It is built around the idea that programs are sequences of instructions to be executed.
Functional-It employs functions as the main driving force behind the development.
Logical-It has its foundation in math logic so program statements express facts and rules about problems within a system.
Object-oriented-It formulates programs as a series of objects and methods that interact to perform a specific task.
list all and define 2 of the principles
Encapsulation is the bundling of data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit called a class
Inheritance is the mechanism by which a class can inherit properties and behavior from another class
Polymorphism
Abstraction
describe the most popular language in the gaming industry, list the advantages and disadvantages
c++
Advantages:
Performance: C++ is known for its high performance, making it suitable for applications that require efficient memory management and low-level system access. It allows for fine-grained control over hardware resources and optimization opportunities.
Versatility: C++ is a versatile language that supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming. It can be used to develop a wide range of applications, from system software and device drivers to games and high-performance applications.
Portability: C++ code can be compiled to run on different platforms and architectures with minimal changes, making it suitable for cross-platform development. Many compilers and development environments support C++, allowing developers to write code that runs on various operating systems and hardware platforms.
Rich Standard Library: C++ provides a comprehensive standard library that includes a wide range of functionality for common tasks, such as data structures, algorithms, input/output operations, and mathematical functions. The standard library enables developers to write efficient and portable code without reinventing the wheel.
Memory Management: C++ offers flexible memory management options, including manual memory allocation and deallocation using pointers, as well as automatic memory management using smart pointers and resource management techniques like RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization). This gives developers control over memory usage and helps prevent memory leaks and performance issues.
Disadvantages:
Complexity: C++ is a complex language with a steep learning curve, especially for beginners and developers coming from higher-level languages. Its syntax and features can be intricate and require a deep understanding of computer science concepts, leading to longer development times and potentially more errors.
Memory Management Challenges: While C++ provides powerful memory management capabilities, manual memory management using raw pointers can be error-prone and lead to memory leaks, dangling pointers, and undefined behavior if not used correctly. Managing memory manually requires careful attention to memory allocation and deallocation, which can be challenging and time-consuming.
Lack of Built-in Safety Features: Unlike some modern programming languages, C++ does not provide built-in safety features such as automatic memory management (garbage collection), array bounds checking, or type safety. This can increase the risk of bugs, security vulnerabilities, and runtime errors if developers are not diligent in writing safe and robust code.
Platform Dependencies: While C++ code can be made portable, platform-specific dependencies and differences in compilers, libraries, and system APIs can introduce compatibility issues and require platform-specific code modifications. Writing truly platform-independent C++ code may require additional effort and testing.
Limited Standardization and Fragmentation: The C++ language and its standard library have evolved over time, leading to variations and inconsistencies across different versions and implementations. The lack of strict standardization and the presence of compiler-specific extensions can result in code portability issues and make it challenging to maintain compatibility across different environments.
list all the advantages and disadvantages of full-fledged artificial intelligence
Advantages:
Automation: Full-fledged AI can automate complex tasks and processes, reducing the need for human intervention and streamlining operations. This can lead to increased efficiency, productivity, and cost savings for organizations.
Decision Making: AI systems can analyze large amounts of data, identify patterns, and make informed decisions in real-time. This can help businesses and individuals make better decisions, optimize resource allocation, and improve outcomes.
Accuracy and Consistency: AI algorithms can perform tasks with a high degree of accuracy and consistency, without being affected by fatigue, emotions, or biases. This can lead to more reliable and consistent results compared to human performance.
Personalization: AI-powered systems can analyze user preferences, behavior, and feedback to deliver personalized experiences and recommendations. This can enhance customer satisfaction, engagement, and loyalty across various domains, such as e-commerce, entertainment, and healthcare.
Innovation: AI has the potential to drive innovation and unlock new possibilities across industries by enabling the development of advanced technologies and solutions. This includes areas such as autonomous vehicles, healthcare diagnostics, natural language processing, and robotics.
Problem Solving: AI algorithms can solve complex problems and optimize processes in ways that may not be feasible or practical for humans. This can lead to breakthroughs in scientific research, engineering, and other fields, accelerating progress and innovation.
Scalability: AI systems can scale to handle large volumes of data and perform computations at speeds that exceed human capabilities. This scalability enables organizations to process and analyze vast amounts of information efficiently, driving insights and value creation.
Disadvantages:
Job Displacement: Full-fledged AI has the potential to automate many jobs currently performed by humans, leading to job displacement and unemployment in certain industries. This can have significant socio-economic implications and require retraining and upskilling of the workforce.
Bias and Fairness: AI algorithms can exhibit bias and discrimination if trained on biased data or designed with inherent biases. This can lead to unfair outcomes and perpetuate existing inequalities, particularly in areas such as hiring, lending, and criminal justice.
Privacy Concerns: AI systems often rely on large amounts of personal data to function effectively, raising concerns about privacy, data security, and surveillance. Unauthorized access to sensitive information or misuse of data can violate privacy rights and erode trust in AI technologies.
Ethical Dilemmas: AI raises complex ethical dilemmas related to accountability, transparency, and decision-making. Questions about AI's impact on human autonomy, moral responsibility, and the potential for unintended consequences require careful consideration and ethical frameworks.
Dependency: Dependence on AI systems for critical tasks and decision-making can create vulnerabilities and risks if the systems fail, malfunction, or are compromised. Organizations may become overly reliant on AI without fully understanding its limitations and potential failure modes.
Complexity and Costs: Developing, deploying, and maintaining full-fledged AI systems can be complex, time-consuming, and expensive. This includes costs associated with data collection and preparation, algorithm development, infrastructure setup, and ongoing maintenance and support.
Regulatory Challenges: AI technologies raise regulatory challenges related to safety, security, privacy, and fairness. Governments and regulatory bodies face the challenge of developing and enforcing policies and regulations that ensure the responsible and ethical use of AI while fostering innovation and economic growth.