Atomic Theory
What are the three subatomic or "parts" of an atom?
protons, neutrons, electrons
How many valence electrons does Nitrogen have?
5 because it is in group 15
What is a compound?
a substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically combined
What is an ion?
a charged atom or molecule, formed when an atom either gains or loses electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge
What is an acid?
a substance that, when dissolved in water, releases hydrogen ions (H+), resulting in a solution with a pH less than 7, making it sour and potentially corrosive., reactive with metal
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Acids have a sour taste (like lemon juice or vinegar).
They can turn blue litmus paper red.
They react with bases to form salts in a neutralization reaction.
They are corrosive and can react with certain metals, releasing hydrogen gas.
What is an istotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.
What are the four things listed on every element of the periodic table?
its name, chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass
What are the chemical and physical properties of metals?
shiny, conductive, and malleable physical properties, while chemically, they tend to lose electrons and react with acids and water
What is a covalent bond? (Include in terms of elements & valence electrons)
- bonds a non metal and non metal
- shares electrons
What is a base?
a substance that can accept hydrogen ions (H+) or donate hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution, effectively neutralizing acids and increasing the pH of a solution
- Bases often feel slippery or soapy to the touch.
- They can turn red litmus paper blue.
- They have a pH value greater than 7.
How do you figure out the number of neutrons in atom?
Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
What element is group 5 period 4? What type of element is it?
Vanadium (V) & a metal
What are the chemical and physical properties of non metals?
lack metallic properties, are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and tend to be brittle in solid form, while chemically, they often have high electronegativity and form acidic oxide
What is an ionic bond? (Include in terms of elements & valence electrons)
- bonds metal and non metal
- transfers electrons
What is an indicator? What are some examples of indicators?
An indicator is a substance, often chemical, that changes in a noticeable way (like color) to signal the presence or absence of a specific condition or substance, like acidity or alkalinity. Examples include litmus paper, red cabbage juice
How do you find an element's atomic mass?
Add the number of neutrons and the number of protons together
What element is in period 1 group 1? What type of element is it?
Hydrogen & a gas
What is a valence electron? What are the maximum number of valence electrons that an element can have? How do you find them?
number of electrons on outermost shell, tells how reactive an element is; 8; group #
What is the difference between a polar and non polar bond?
non polar= electrons shared equally
polar= electrons shared unequally
What is the ph scale?
The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a substance, ranging from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 acidic, and values above 7 basic.
Who discovered that Atoms can join to other atoms to create new substances?
John Dalton
Who discovered that electrons are mixed throughout the atom?
JJ Thompson
Explain the steps to draw an electron dot diagram.
first identify the element's valence electrons using the periodic table, then write the element's symbol and place dots around it to represent the valence electrons, ensuring one dot per side before pairing them.
Water (H₂O) is an example of what type of bond?
Table Salt (NaCl) is an example of what type of bond?
Water= covalent
Salt= ionic
What is Neutralization? What are the products of a neutralization reaction?
Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces salt and water