Industrialization and Technology
Who invented the process that allowed for mass production of steel?
Henry Bessemer
This oil tycoon founded Standard Oil
What was the main issue behind the Great Strike of 1877?
Wage Cuts
Who led the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
Samuel Gompers
Name one “push factor” that drove immigrants to the U.S. in the late 1800s.
Poverty, discrimination, famine, lack of land, political persecution, etc.
Who is credited with applying science to production, otherwise known as "Scientific Management"?
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Define Robber Barron
A business leader who gained wealth dishonorably, exploiting workers and resources.
What happened at the Haymarket Affair that damaged the labor movement?
A bomb killed policemen; unions were linked to anarchism/violence.
Which labor union included both skilled and unskilled workers, women, and African Americans?
Knights of Labor
Name one “pull factor” that drew immigrants to the U.S.
Jobs, land, freedom, democracy, opportunity
Expansion within the industry by buying out other competitors is called?
Horizontal Integration
Who was known as the “Steel King”?
Andrew Carnegie
What company town strike led to federal troops being called in during 1894?
The Pullman Strike
What was the main difference between “craft unionism” and “industrial unionism”?
Craft unions = skilled workers by trade; Industrial = all workers in an industry
What was the settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago?
Hull House
Limited Liability
What 1890 law was intended to break up trusts and monopolies?
Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
What was the outcome of the Homestead Strike of 1892?
Pinkertons clashed with workers; National Guard broke strike; union membership declined.
Who founded the American Railway Union (ARU)?
Eugene V. Debs
What was one major problem cities faced due to rapid growth?
Fire, crime, sanitation, poverty, disease, or housing shortages
What was the economic policy of minimal government interference in business called?
Laissez-Faire
This agency was created to regulate the railroad trade, however it was a failure and lacked significant authority.
Name all 3 significant outcomes from the Great Strike of 1877:
1. Disputes no longer localized.
2. Depth of resentment among workers toward employers.
3. Frailty of labor movement.
What was the radical labor union formed in 1905 that called for socialism?
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
What was the Social Gospel movement?
A belief that salvation could be achieved through service to the poor