Week 4- DNA, Chromosomes and Chromosome Structure
A genome is the complete store of information in an organism’s DNA. It specifies all the RNA molecules and proteins that the organism will ever synthetize. The term genome is also used to describe the DNA that carries this information.
What is a genome?
These are biological catalysts that can be used repeatedly to speed up specific chemical reactions by making or breaking covalent bonds
What are enzymes?
When a protein is observed to have global folding, this is an example of ____ structure.
What is tertiary?
This term denotes the water-loving components of a phospholipid bilayer
what are the hydrophilic heads?
H1. Linker histone.
Which histone is outside of the nucleosome? And what is it known as?
These proteins improve efficiency by bringing different macromolecules together so that a reaction can occur simultaneously.
What are scaffolding proteins?
This is the other major secondary structure present in proteins other then an alpha helix.
What is beta pleated sheets?
A symbiotic relationship between an ancient anaerobic archaeal cell and an aerobic bacterial likely led to the evolution of this organelle:
What is the mitochondria?
by degree of purifying selection and the mutation rate.
What determine the pace at which molecular clock run during evolution?
This describes the relationship between ligand binding in the absence versus the presence of a second ligand.
What is allostery?
This is the amino acid with a 5 membered ring as an R group and causes steric hinderance.
What is Proline?
This term denotes biological components that trace back to a shared or common ancestor
What is a homolog?
Sequence divergence is the degree to which two homologous DNA, RNA, or protein sequences differ from one another. Sequence divergence measures the degree of genetic difference between homologous DNA or protein sequences from a common ancestor over time.
What is sequence divergence?
During this process, a product that’s produced late in the pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme
What is negative feedback inhibition?
This is the one letter abbreviation for Glutamine.
What is Q?
This reaction involves the loss of electrons from an atom
What is an oxidation reaction?
H3K9me3
What is a marker for heterochromatin?
Marking a protein by multiubiquitylation results in this
What is endocytosis?
This is the name of the major covalent bond that links different amino acid chains together.
This term denotes the specialized pocket on an enzyme where the substrate fits
What is the Active Site?