What are
1. Living organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. There is no smaller unit of life than cells
3. Every new cell comes from a pre-existing cell.
100
The equation to calculate the magnification of an image.
What is Mag = Measured size/actual size
100
A unicellular organism with no internal compartments surrounded by membranes.
What is a prokaryote.
100
Discredited by Pasteur's famous experiment, this theory stated that new cells could appear from non-living materials.
What is spontaneous generation.
100
The three stages of the cell cycle
What are
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
200
Any 5 of the 7 functions of life...
What are
1. Metabolism, 2. Reproduction, 3. Homeostasis, 4. Nutrition, 5. Excretion, 6. Response and 7. Growth.
200
The magnification of a drawing of with a scale bar 10 mm across with 1 um written under it.
What is 10,000x
200
An outline of the steps of binary fission.
What is:
1. Chromosome is copied.
2. Cell enlarges or elongates
3. Cell wall and membrane grow in to form a cross wall
4. When cross wall is complete two new cells formed.
200
An outline of the evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory.
What is... Mitochondria and chloroplasts:
1. have their own dna similar to prokaryote dna
2. Have ribosomes similar to prokaryotes (70s)
3. Divide by binary fission
200
Three events that happen in the G1 phase of interphase.
What are:
G1 - synthesis of proteins, cell growth, DNA transcribed
300
An outline of an exception to the cell theory.
What is Caulerpa - a multi-nucleated cell the size of a large plant. Or muscle fibers - multi-nucleated cell up to 30 cm long. Or Aseptate fungi - multi-nucleated and lacking cell walls
300
An explanation of emergent properties using an example.
What is: Emergent properties are properties that are not present at simpler levels of organization. For example a single heart muscle cell cannot pump blood alone, but together with all of the other cells in the body, blood can be pumped.
300
The advantages of compartmentalization in eukaryotes.
What is increased efficiency from having multiple processes occurring at the same time in different parts of the cells.
300
These two tasks can be performed by RNA, thus supporting the RNA world hypothesis. Name the tasks.
What are store information (like a gene) and catalyze replication of the original RNA.
300
The mitotic index of a group of 17 cells where 7 are in mitosis.
What is 7/17=0.41
400
DAILY DOUBLE!!! An outline of how 8 small cells are more efficient at acquiring nutrients than one large cell with the same volume.
What is... the smaller cells have a greater combined surface area allowing for greater exchange of materials and nutrients.
400
The two key characteristics of stem cells.
What are self-renewing (they can divide many times and stay unspecialized) and potency (they can differentiate into specialized cells)?
400
Daily Double!!!! Deduce the function of A palisade mesophyll cell which is packed with many chloroplasts and a large central vacuole.
What is palisade mesophyll are the main site of photosynthesis in the leaf.
400
Based on data collected about this molecular machine, scientists have deduced that Eukaryotes are more closely related to the Domain Archaea than Domain Bacteria
What is:
RNA polymerase
400
The role cyclins play in cell division.
What is cyclins control and coordinate the different phases of the cell cycle (like managers in a sandwich shop)
500
An outline of how the unicellular organism Paramecium performs the life functions of Nutrition, Response and Homeostasis.
What is...
Nutrition: it captures smaller cells into its food vacuole
Response: it swims away from unfavorable conditions using cilia
Homeostasis: contractile vacuole removes excess water
500
A summary of why stem cells are attractive for therapeutic uses (with example).
What is stem cells can differentiate into any type of specialized cells potentially replacing lost or damaged tissues. Example - replacing pancreatic beta cells to treat type 1 diabetes.
500
An outline of the functions of golgi, ribosomes, and mitochondria
What is:
Golgi: stores modifies and packages proteins
Ribosomes: manufacture proteins
Mitochondria: convert chemical energy into ATP
500
An outline of evidence supporting the theory that all life on Earth can be traced back to a single cell known lovingly as LUCA.
What is:
All species of organisms currently living on the Earth share the same genetic code.
500
A description of how the number of cigarettes smoked per day relates to the number of cancer cases.
What is a strong positive correlation where the more cigarettes smoked per day, the higher the number of cancer cases.