DNA, Chromosomes, and Genomes
Nucleotides in the DNA are covalently linked by this type of bond.
What is phosphodiester bonds?
The two cell types within a sexually reproducing animal or plant are.
What are germ cells and somatic cells?
A short stretch of the DNA double helix that is opened by an RNA polymerase holoenzyme during transcription.
What is the transcription bubble?
Amino acid that correlates to the "start" codon, AUG
What is methionine?
A "linker histone" often larger than core histones and is typically seen as one-to-one with nucleosome cores
What is Histone H1?
Pieces of DNA that are 1000-2000 nucleotides long that are synthesized on the lagging DNA strand during replication.
What are Okazaki fragments?
A transcription promotor region on the DNA sequence containing many Thymine and Adenine nucleotides.
What is the TATA box or TATA sequence?
Complimentary sequence that is part of tRNA that binds to mRNA
What is Anti-codon
A network of intermediate filaments that forms a thin feltlike mesh just beneath the nuclear membrane that internally supports the nuclear envelope.
What is the nuclear lamina?
A wide variety of specialized segments of DNA that can be moved from one position in the genome to another.
What are mobile genetic elements?
Mature Eukaryotic mRNA contains the transcript a 5 prime cap and ...
What is a Polyadenylation tail
Peptide bond formation during protein synthesis requires a high energy demand due to unfavorable thermodynamics and slow kinetics. This process is used in order to drive peptide bond formation forward.
What is amino acid activation?
Complexes that separate chromatin domains from one another
What are barrier-DNA complexes?
A pathway to repair a damaged DNA nucleotide base that involves enzymes called DNA glycosylases that catalyze its hydrolytic removal from the DNA backbone.
What is base excision repair?
This type mutation is a result of having both DNA backbones broken close to each other in the same segment.
What is double-strand break (DSB)?
Proteins are synthesized from this terminal end to this terminal end
What is the N-terminal end to C-terminal end?
Stage of organization of DNA after double helix, but before chromatin fiber.
What is "beads on a string" or nucleosomes?
DNA polymerase catalyzes the elongation of the daughter strand by using the parental template. The primer is elongated by adding dNTPs to this end.
What is the 3' end?
Within the nuclear membrane this is known to connect the nucleoplasm and cytosol. In addition, this allows for the transport of mRNA between those two locations.
What are nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)?
A mechanism for degrading abnormal mRNAs containing in-frame internal stop codons before protein translation.
What is nonsense-mediated mRNA decay?