Topic 5
The DNA replication process synthesizes new DNA strands in this direction
What is 5' to 3'?
The process that creates complementary RNA from DNA one nucleotide at a time
What is DNA transcription?
The process of converting an mRNA sequence into protein by reading 3 consecutive nucleotides at a time
What is translation?
DNA only transposons, Retroviral like retrotransposons, Non retroviral like retrotransposon.
What are the 3 classes of transposons?
This is a DNA repair pathway that recognizes abnormalities in the DNA as a whole, instead of abnormalities in a specific base
What is nucleotide excision repair?
This enzyme is needed to transcribe all protein encoding genes and many types of RNA genes in eukaryotic cells
What is RNA Polymerase II?
The number of different amino acids that are commonly found in proteins
What is 20?
DNA topoisomerase 2
Which DNA topoisomerase requires ATP?
For eukaryotes, this region of repeated nucleotide sequences at the end of a chromosome solves the “end replication problem”
What is a telomere?
DNA assumes this formation during transcription to counteract superhelical tension caused by RNA Polymerase II moving along the DNA
What is DNA supercoiling?
This enzyme is unique for each amino acid and is involved in pairing them with their corresponding tRNAs
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
These proteins form complexes with new proteins to help prevent misfolding; a well-known example are heat shock proteins or HSPs.
What are Molecular Chaperones/Chaperone Proteins?
This genetic process repairs double-strand DNA breaks using undamaged DNA as a template, without deleting DNA sequences
What is homologous recombination?
The nucleolus is an organelle that does not have a membrane, but instead is a medley of macromolecules classified as this
What is a biomolecular condensate?
This amino acid begins the peptide chain when its tRNA binds to the start codon AUG (3 letter abbreviation).
What is MET?
DNA topoisomerase 1 allow ssDNA nick to allow release of tension and 2 allow dsDNA breaks to separate 2 interlocked DNA circles and hydrolizes ATP and reset after each cycle.
How are DNA topoisomerase 1 & 2 different?
Predominating in bacteria, these genetic elements that move within DNA genomes are highly responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance
What are DNA-only transposons?
The number of tandem repeats of an amino acid sequence in the C-terminal domain of human cells
What is 52?
This protein triggers mRNA degradation after transcription by recruiting enzymes when there is a stop codon replaced too early in the mRNA.
What is Upf proteins?
This is a part of the splicesome that recognizes and binds to the branch point in an intro and facilitates splicing forming the start of the lariat structure.
What is U2 snRNA?