Destination Context
According to Erik Cohen’s 1972 typology, this type of non-institutionalised tourist avoids tourist traps, travels entirely on their own terms, and thrives on unpredictable, authentic local experiences.
What is a Drifter?
UNESCO (2002) defines this as a society’s distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features.
What is culture?
Revenue from heritage fees and craft sales supports culture by funding this primary outcome.
What is cultural preservation?
This international accounting framework measures tourism's economic contribution as a distinct sector.
What is the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA)?
These two Scottish landmarks were the country's most visited attractions in 2017, each exceeding 2 million visits.
What are the National Museum of Scotland and Edinburgh Castle?
In Godfrey and Clarke’s classification of tourism resources, this specific category of resources acts as the primary pulling power and main travel motive for visitors.
What are Principal Resources?
This social phenomenon occurs when local residents imitate the clothing, behaviour, or habits of visiting tourists.
What is the demonstration effect?
Being conspicuous, carrying valuables, and being in "holiday mode" make tourists targets for this issue.
What is crime?
The loss of tourism revenue from a local economy through foreign-owned businesses and imported goods.
What is economic leakage?
Scotland’s largest international source market by both volume and financial spend in 2016.
What is the United States?
Sub-Saharan African countries and other non-OECD nations typically fall into this developmental category, where tourism often has a significantly greater relative impact on economic growth than in OECD countries.
What are Developing Countries?
By providing local job alternatives, tourism helps rural regions combat this demographic trend.
What is rural depopulation?
De Kadt (1979) classified tourist-host interactions into these three specific types.
What are buying goods/services, sharing facilities, and cultural exchange?
The circulation of tourist spending that creates direct, indirect, and induced economic effects.
What is the tourism multiplier effect?
Scotland is home to this exact number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, representing one-fifth of the entire UK total
What is six?
Characterised by high central government dependency, state-driven promotional campaigns like "Imagine Your Korea," and rapid industrial export growth, South Korea exemplifies this type of economy.
What is a Newly Industrialised Country (NIC)?
The transformation of local culture into staged, simplified, and artificially controlled tourist experiences.
What is Disneyfication?
Host community attitudes progress through euphoria, apathy, irritation, and antagonism according to this 1975 model.
What is Doxey’s Irridex Model?
Overdependence on tourism leaves a local economy highly vulnerable to these unexpected external events.
What are economic shocks (or crises)?
The top international origin market for Scottish tourism by visitor volume growth between 2011 and 2016, expanding by 143%
What is Poland?
Unlike mega-cities that absorb visitor numbers easily, this smaller Scottish capital city feels tourism impacts far more strongly due to high seasonality and heavy concentration in its historic center.
What is Edinburgh?
Packaging and selling local traditions, art, and cultural identity as commercial products.
What is cultural commodification?
Judging other cultures strictly by the standards of one's own, which often fosters stereotypes and prejudice.
What is ethnocentrism?
This type of economic impact measures the increased household spending of local workers who earn wages within the tourism industry and spend them in the local economy.
What are Induced Economic Impacts?
In 2017, Rough Guide readers voted Scotland as holding these two distinct worldwide titles.
What are the Most Beautiful and Most Welcoming country in the world?