Toxicology
this mode of entry for toxins and poisons involves directly exposing the body to the poison via the bloodstream
injection
what determines if a drug will be illegal?
accepted medical use
What does a toxicologist assess in an auto or industrial accident?
State of inebriation
Technically, this can be a poison
anything!
What region of the body oxidizes alcohol in an effort to eliminate the toxin from the body?
Liver
What is another word for metabolism?
Biotransformation
what class of substance has the highest potential for abuse and addiction and no medical value? Give an example
Schedule 1 controlled substance;
LSD / ecstasy / marijuana
these controlled substances act to reduce pain by suppressing the central nervous system
narcotics
New chemical formed when the body is trying to rid itself of a toxin
metabolite
arsenic and lead are two examples of this type of poisoning
heavy metal poisoning
this type of drug is used to promote cell and tissue growth by encouraging mitosis and other metabolic reactions
anabolic steroids
this type of controlled substance increases a feeling of well being and alertness. Give an example
stimulants; methamphetamine
what two factors are considered when classifying controlled substances?
potential for abuse & dependence
medical value
What is the difference between and intoxicant and a poison?
intoxicant - requires large amount to be lethal
poison - small amount can be toxic/lethal
this disease is caused by bacterial a toxin and was previously used as a bio-terrorism agent.
what are the 4 ways (modes of entry) that one can be exposed to poisons?
ingestion, inhalation, injection, absorption
Heroin is made from this drug
What is morphine?
How could a toxicologist help a medical examiner?
Assess whether someone died from poison or natural causes
Most useful sample to test for toxins in the body
blood
What part of the body is resistant to decay?
Vitreous humor - white of the eyeballs
Urine/stomach
this class of drug will cause difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, dizziness, confusion and small pupils. give an example
narcotics / opiates
heroin
In a trial for a robbery that included assault with a deadly weapon, how might a toxicologist be useful to the prosecution?
Assess if drugs played a role in the criminal's actions
The most poisonous biological substance to humans
Botulism
What level does a doctor want a patient to reach on their meds?
Therapeutic