Toxidromes
This toxidrome commonly presents with pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and altered mental status.
What is the opioid toxidrome?
This opioid is approximately 50-100 times more potent than morphine.
What is fentanyl?
Overdose of this common analgesic can cause liver failure.
What is acetaminophen?
This antidote reverses opioid overdoses.
What is naloxone?
This overdose frequently causes sinus tachycardia due to anticholinergic effects.
What is diphenhydramine overdose?
Patients are hot, dry, blind, red, and mad in this toxidrome.
What is the anticholinergic toxidrome?
This stimulant increases dopamine and norepinephrine and often causes chest pain and severe hypertension.
What is cocaine?
This diabetic medication may cause severe hypoglycemia in overdose.
What are sulfonylureas?
This antidote is used for acetaminophen toxicity
What is N-acetylcysteine (NAC)?
This electrolyte abnormality is commonly seen after severe beta agonist overdose.
What is hypokalemia?
Diaphoresis, salivation, lacrimation, urination, and bronchorrhea suggest this toxidrome.
What is the cholinergic toxidrome?
This hallucinogen commonly causes visual distortions and altered perception.
What is LSD?
Overdose of these drugs commonly causes bradycardia and hypotension due to beta receptor blockade.
What are beta blockers?
This antidote is used for organophosphate poisoning.
What is atropine? (Pralidoxime also acceptable.)
A widened QRS (>120 ms) should make you suspect overdose of this medication class.
What are tricyclic antidepressants?
Hypertension, tachycardia, mydriasis, and agitation are common findings in this toxidrome.
What is the sympathomimetic toxidrome?
This dissociative anesthetic may cause nystagmus, agitation, and "superhuman strength."
What is PCP?
These medications may produce QRS widening and seizures when overdosed.
What are tricyclic antidepressants?
This antidote is used for cyanide poisoning and often contains hydroxocobalamin.
What is hydroxocobalamin?
This ECG finding is commonly associated with tricyclic antidepressant toxicity.
What is terminal R wave in aVR?
Hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and clonus are classic findings in this toxidrome.
What is serotonin syndrome?
This synthetic stimulant class is often marketed as "bath salts."
What are synthetic cathinones?
This medication overdose often causes tinnitus, hyperventilation, and metabolic acidosis.
What is aspirin (salicylate)?
This antidote is used for severe digoxin toxicity.
What is Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind/DigiFab)?
Tall peaked T waves and widened QRS complexes may be seen in overdose of this medication.
What is potassium (hyperkalemia-producing overdose) or digoxin toxicity?