History of Toxicology
What time period did toxicology become more widely used as a tool in Forensic Science?
1800s
Being exposed to high amounts of black mold in your house over 10 years is an examples of what kind of toxicity?
Chronic Toxicity
What is an LD50?
How much of a substance it would take to kill half of the test population
Name two biological substances that can be tested for toxins
Blood
Urine
Hair
Liver
Stomach Contents
Vitreous Humor
How old is Camacho?
-100 points if you say anything over 50
28!
Who was the first chief toxicologist of New York city that served under coroner Charles Morris?
Alexander Gettler
What is the definition of a toxin?
a substance naturally produced by a living organism that can cause illness or death in humans
When a substance has a lower LD50, what does that tell toxicologists?
It will take less of the substance for it to reach the LD50
What is the testing that can tell us there is a positive identification of the drug/toxin in the body?
Double Jeopardy: What is an example of this type of testing?
Confirmatory Testing
How many cats does Camacho have?
+200 if you can name them.
2!
Pony and Pepper
What year was the FDA (food and drug adminitration) formed in United States?
Double Jeopardy question: What does the FDA actually do?
1959
The FDA helps monitor and controll any substance (food, makeup, medicine) that may have or have been in contact with toxins.
What ways can a toxin be absorbed into the body?
MUST NAME ALL 4 TO GET POINTS
Inhalation
Ingestion
Intravenous (in the blood stream)
Absorption in the skin
What unit are LD50s usually found in?
mg/kg (oral, rats)
Name 3 of the 5 tests we did in the toxicology lab. Were these test confirmatory or presumtive?
Physical Appearance, Water Solubility, pH (acidic or basic), HCl, Ferric Chloride
What are Camacho's degrees in?
BA in Biology
Masters of Arts in Teaching-Bio Endorsement
What percent of all homicides are due to poisoning?
less than half of 1%
Name a organ/organ system that can be affected by an exposure to toxins.
Brain
Lungs
Liver
Kidneys
Cardiovascular (Heart and Arteries/Veins)
The LD50 for caffeine is 200 mg/kg.
A medium Dutch Bros rebel has 116 mg of caffeine.
How many rebels would be lethal to a 150 lb adult?
118 rebels (rounding up)
The aspirin is not a pure sample of aspirin, it may have phenols or salicylic acid still bound to it.
How many tattoos does Camacho have?
16
In 2019, what epidemic caused an increase in drug-related deaths due to it being an additive in many opioids?
Fentanyl
Radium was a popular element that was used in the early 1900s and was found in anything from paint to makeup and medicine. Why is it so hard to detect radium toxicity in the body?
Radium accumulates in bones and mimics the chemical composition of calcium.
LD50 for Aspartame: 10,000 mg/kg
How much Aspartame in mg would it take to be a lethal dose for a 210 lb person?
954,545 mg
What is Excedrin made of? Why would that complicate the testing process in our lab?
Excedrin has acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine. We may get mixed/misleading results when testing Excedrin.
What is Camacho's secret talent?
They are a very good singer!