Toxic Agents
Two toxic agents in chocolate
What are theobromine and caffeine?
methylxanthines
Two agents for inducing emesis in dogs
What are apomorphine and ropinirole?
tranexamic acid, hydrogen peroxide
This severe clinical sign may be seen in dogs 1-3 days after grape ingestion
What is renal failure (oliguric to anuric)?
Treatment for THC ingestion causing mild symptoms
What is administration of anti-emetic (e.g. maropitant) and subcutaneous fluids?
The most recommended pet poison control hotline
What is ASPCA Poison Control?
The part(s) of lilies are toxic to cats
What is the entire lily including pollen?
Two agents for inducing emesis in cats
What are dexmedetomidine and xylazine?
hydromorphone (once)
Symptoms of toxicosis after ingestion of dark chocolate
What are CNS stimulation (agitation, tremors, seizures), cardiovascular effects (tachycardia), diuresis, vomiting, diarrhea, hypokalemia?
Treatment for ingestion of toxic carprofen dose when the dog vomited pieces of tablets on the way to the vet hospital
What is administer activated charcoal, IV fluids to maintain renal perfusion, give gastroprotectants (sucralfate, omeprazole), and monitor renal function and electrolytes?
This type of crystal may be seen in urine after ingestion of antifreeze
What is calcium oxalate?
Toxic agent commonly found in sugar free gum
Indications for inducing emesis
What is within 1-2 hours of ingestion of a toxic dose of a substance?
After a dog ingests raisins, these clinical signs may be seen during the first 24 hours.
What are GI symptoms, ataxia, weakness, and lethargy?
vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, hematemesis, bloody stool, anorexia, tender abdomen
Ethylene glycol toxicosis treatment
What is ethanol or fomepizole?
Fluid therapy to maintain GFR, correcting acid/base disturbances
Three hepatotoxins
What are acetominophen, aflatoxin, blue-green algae, castor bean, iron, ketoconazole, Amanita, Phenols, Sago palm, and xylitol.
Toxic agent in grapes and raisins
What is tartaric acid?
Decontamination of a cat who ingested lilies
What is induce emesis and bathe cat?
Clinical signs with NSAID toxicosis
What are vomiting, diarrhea, melena, anorexia, abdominal pain, PU/PD, and in severe cases renal failure?
Treatment for a dog who ingested a large amount of dark chocolate 1 hour ago
What is induce emesis immediately, antiemetic after emesis, activated charcoal PO, give IV fluids to maintain hydration, and sedatives for agitation?
Ingestion of toxins with enterohepatic recirculation is an indication for this treatment
What is activated charcoal?
Toxic agent(s) in antifreeze
What are ethylene glycol and its metabolites (glycolic acid causing acidosis and oxalate causing renal damage and hypocalcemia)?
Contraindications of inducing emesis
What are CNS symptoms, comorbidities increasing risk of aspiration (megaesophagus, laryngeal paralysis), recent abdominal surgery, or ingestion of a caustic substance?
Clinical signs seen with THC ingestion
What are ataxia, hyperesthesia, urinary incontinence, lethargy, vomiting, hyperthermia, and tachycardia?
In severe cases, patients may be comatose or have seizures.
Treatment for a dog who ingested grapes 2 hours ago.
What is induce emesis, administer antiemetic after emesis, give activated charcoal, IV fluids to maintain hydration and renal perfusion, monitor renal parameters, and manage electrolyte imbalances?
Three toxins that can cause seizures
What are bromethalin, DEET, ethylene glycol, hypoglycemic agents (xylitol, diabetic meds), methylxanthines, lead, organophosphates/carbamates, paintballs, stimulant meds (amphetamines, antidepressants, cocaine, etc.), strychnine, zinc phosphide 4-aminopyridine (avicide), and 5-FU?