Factual Information
1.According to paragraph 1,which of the following 15 true of trees like maples and oaks?
A.They have leaves that are resistant to frost
B.They are unable to survive if their leaves are damaged
C.They have buds that do not produce new leaves until temperatures rise
D.They can delay the production of buds until the arrival of spring
C.They have buds that do not produce new leaves until temperatures rise
3. In paragraph 2, the word onset in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. start
B.threat
C.force
D.return
A. start
2.Why does the author ask the question/'How do such evergreen plants escape intracellularfreezing(freezing within cells)and tissue destruction when temperatures may drop to -40°Corcolder?"in the passage?
A.To introduce an account of the ways evergreen plants protect themselves from the cold.
B.To suggest that losing their leaves would allow evergreens to escape damage from the cold.
C.To point out that scientists do not fully understand how evergreens survive cold
temperatures.
D.To emphasize that studying evergreens may hold the key to understanding how all forest
plants survive cold temperatures
A.To introduce an account of the ways evergreen plants protect themselves from the cold.
9.Look at the four squares [□]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit?
Other plants,however,possess additional defenses against freezing temperatures.
B. For woody plants, super cooling is augmented by declines of cellular water content, greater cellular accommodation to deformation, and processes that allow water to accumulate and freeze in extracellular spaces.
Prose Summary
What are the main ideas of the article?
5.According to paragraph 2,conifers avoid damage from freezing in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A.They reduce the amount of water that is contained in their cells.
B.Their cell walls resist damage from ice forming on the outside of the cells.
C.They use the mechanism of supercooling.
D.They drop those leaves that they do not need.
D.They drop those leaves that they do not need.
4.The author mentions 'antifreeze in automobiles'in the passage in order to
A.emphasize the difficulty trees such as conifers have in surviving
B.point out that freezing temperatures can seriously damage tree tissue.
C.illustrate a chemical process in plants that prevents them from freezing
D.explain how conifers are able to raise the temperature in their tissue
C.illustrate a chemical process in plants that prevents them from freezing
6.According to paragraph 3,why does the mass of a cactus influence its ability to resist freezing?
A.Larger cacti tend to have less water in them,making freezing less likely.
B.Larger cacti can store more heat in their tissues and thus stay warmer at night.
C.Cacti with more mass tend to have deeper roots that take longer to freeze.
D.Cacti with more mass exchange more moisture with the air,which protects them from the
cold.
C.Cacti with more mass tend to have deeper roots that take longer to freeze.
7.Paragraph 3 supports which of the following claims about the ability of saguaro cacti to survive freezing temperatures?
A.Saguaro cacti,whether large or small,have no resistance to freezing because they seldom
face freezing temperatures.
B.Saguaro cacti living in the Sonoran Desert are less likely to die from freezing than those
living in other areas of the North American southwest.
C.In different ways,both young and mature saguaro cacti are protected during a freezing night
by heat that had been stored during the day
D.Mature saguaro cacti can survive in areas that are too cold for the frost tolerant shrubs that
shelter young saguaro cacti.
C.In different ways,both young and mature saguaro cacti are protected during a freezing night
8.All of the following questions are answered in the passage EXCEPT:
A.How does supercooling work to prevent liquids in plants from freezing?
B.Why does the loss of water from plant cells and the collection of water in extracellular areas
protect the water inside the cells from freezing?
C.How do members of the cactus family limit heat radiation during daylight hours?
D.How do frost-tolerant shrubs help protect young saguaro cacti from being damaged by
extreme nighttime winter temperatures?
C.How do members of the cactus family limit heat radiation during daylight hours?
10.Answer Choices
A.Deciduous trees survive in cold weather by shedding their leaves,but conifers have developed other physiological adaptations to protect themselves from damage by freezing temperatures.
B.Evergreens survive freezing temperatures by means of supercooling and by allowing water
from the cells to collect and freeze in spaces outside the cells
C.Although the saguaro cactus is one of the most widely recognized desert plants in North
America,its range is actually limited to a relatively small geographical area.
D.Maples,oaks,and birches are among the deciduous trees that have successfully adapted to living in areas that have cold winter weather.
E.Saguaro cacti and other plants with thick,moist tissues have developed defenses against cold temperatures that are considerably more effective than supercooling.
F.While young saguaro cacti benefit from the shelter of other plants,mature cacti use the heat they store in their tissue during the day to survive nighttime freezing temperatures.
A.Deciduous trees survive in cold weather by shedding their leaves,but conifers have developed other physiological adaptations to protect themselves from damage by freezing temperatures.
B.Evergreens survive freezing temperatures by means of supercooling and by allowing water from the cells to collect and freeze in spaces outside the cells
F.While young saguaro cacti benefit from the shelter of other plants,mature cacti use the heat they store in their tissue during the day to survive nighttime freezing temperatures.