Chapter 5 & 6
What are the two possible qualities of a proposition?
Affirmative & Negative
State the subcontrary of the following proposition...
Some ducks are purple.
Some ducks are not purple.
What are the 3 was to convert propositions into their logical equivalents?
obversion, conversion, contraposition
What is the verbal expression of Deductive Inference?
Syllogism
In how many ways can Terminological Rule #1 be violated?
2
What are the two possible quantities of a proposition?
Universal & Particular
State the subaltern of the following proposition...
No billy goats are gruff.
Some billy goats are not gruff.
Contraposition can only be used with which categorial statements?
A and O
Finish this sentence... Reasoning is the act by which the mind acquires new knowledge by means of......
Terminological Rule #1 states, "There must be ____"
3 and only 3 terms
State a contradiction of this proposition....
All Challenge I students are females.
Some Challenge I students are not hard workers.
What kind of statement has both a distributed subject and a distributed predicate?
E or Universal Negative
Convert this proposition...
No dogs are reptiles.
No reptiles are dogs.
The Essential Law of Argumentation states, "If the antecedent is true, ____"
the consequent must also be true.
Terminological Rule #2 states, "The middle term..."
must not occur in the conclusion
State the contrary of this statement...
No children are politicians.
All children are politicians.
DAILY DOUBLE
Two parts question...
Does an A statement have a distributed subject?
And does an A statement have a distributed predicate?
yes
no
Obvert this proposition....
All babies are cute.
No babies are not cute.
What are the two kinds of reasoning?
Deduction and Induction
What fallacy has been committed in the following syllogism? All boys have mothers. All girl have fathers. Therefore, some girls have mother.
Fallacy of four terms
Where are the two relationships (generally speaking) that categorial statements can have to one another?
Opposition or equivalence
Two part question....
Can subalterns both be true? Can they both be false?
yes
yes
Give the contraposition of this proposition...
All frogs are amphibians.
1.) Obvert: All frogs are amphibians.
2.) Convert: No non-amphibians are frogs.
3.) Obvert: All non amphibians are not frogs.
What are the three terms in a syllogism called and where will you find them all?
Major term - predicate of the conclusion
Minor term - subject of the conclusion
Middle term - appears in both premises but not in the conclusion
What fallacy has been committed in the following syllogism? The badger lives in the bank.
The bank is on Oak Grove Road
Therefore, the badger lives on Oak Grove Road.
Fallacy of Equivocation