History
Logic is the science of this kind of thinking
What is right thinking?
The two main branches of logic
What are formal and material?
DOUBLE IT: Th second names given for the branches
DOUBLE: Each of the three kinds of logical processes originates in this kind of act and manifests itself in this kind of expression
What is a mental act and a verbal expression?
Instead of logical or illogical we can call a statement of fact this and this
What is true or false?
Who is Aristotle?
Formal logic is concerned with this part of argumentation
What is the form, structure of reasoning, method of deriving one truth from another?
The verbal expression of deductive inference
What is a syllogism?
Instead of true or false, we should call arguments this or this
What is valid or invalid?
This kind of logic has hardly changed since Aristotle
What is formal logic?
Material logic is concerned with this part of argumentation
What is the content, the truth of the terms and propositions in an argument?
The mental act behind a term
What is simple apprehension?
This is the term we use when we mean to say that an argument is logical
What is validity?
Shortly after Aristotle, another Greek philosopher laid the groundwork for this kind of logic
What is modern symbolic logic?
DOUBLE IT: John Stuart Mill pioneered the theories about this other form of logical thought that we still study today
Logic serves to lead us from one of these to another
What is truth?
The verbal expression of a judgment
What is a proposition?
This term can be applied to an argument to say something about both its truth and its validity
What is soundness?
Two of the five names (not Aristotle or John Stuart Mill) associated with the development of logical methods
Who are Chryssipus, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottlob Frege, Alfred North Whitehead, and Bertrand Russell?
"Briefly, you can only find truth with logic if you have already found truth without it" - this famous writer
Who is G. K. Chesterton?
What is simple apprehension-term, judgement-proposition, and deductive inference-syllogism?
TRIPLE (500 for each): The mental picture of the three logical processes, along with their mental acts
What is picking up the foot-simple apprehension, taking a full step-making a judgement, and string all the steps together into one movement-deductive inference?