Review
Which statement is Universal and Affirmative?
All S is P
The disposition or location of the terms in the argument (especially the middle term)
What is Figure?
The disposition of the premises according to quality and quantity.
What is Mood?
What happens when we perform an Operation for Reduction?
Go from a non-First Figure syllogism to a First-Figure syllogism
What Figure is this syllogism in
No hares are tortoises
Some fast things are hares
Some fast things are not tortoises
1st
What does the quality of a proposition refer to?
Whether the proposition is Affirmative or Negative
How many figures are there?
4
How many moods are there?
16
What are the Four Operations for Reduction?
S: Simple Conversion
P: Per Accidens or Partial Conversion
M: Mutatio or Transposition of the Premises
C: Reduction by Contradiction
What Mood is the syllogism in
No philosophers are tricky
Alllogicians are philosophers
No logicians are tricky
EA
What does the Quantity of a statement refer to?
Universal or Particular
What are the four figures that a categorical syllogism can be in?
sub-prae, prae-prae, sub-sub, prae-sub
How many valid moods are there?
19
How do we determine which Operation of Reduction we will use?
Looking at the mnemonic name, identify S, P, M, C and convert the proposition signified by the vowel preceding it
Identify the Mood and Mnemonic Name:
God is all-powerful
Jesus is God
Jesus is all-powerful
AA
BARBARA
What statements are Particular?
Some S is P
Some S is not P
What Figure is this syllogism in?
God is merciful
No vindictive person is merciful
No vindictive person is God
2nd
Identify the Figure by Mood and Mnemonic Name
All ducks are birds
No gorillas are birds
No gorillas are ducks
AE CAMESTRES
What is Mutatio?
Transposition of the Premises, making the minor premise the major and the major premise the minor
Find the Mnemonic, reduce the syllogism and identify the new mnemonic
All fish are swimmers
All fish are living
Some living things are swimmers
AA DARAPTI
All fish are swimmers
Some living things are fish
Some living things are swimmers
DARII
What is Distribution?
The status of a term in regard to its extension.
When a term refers to all the members of the class of things denoted by the term
What is the Fourth Figure also called?
The Galenic Figure
What is the mnemonic to remember the valid syllogisms?
BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIO que prioris;
CESARE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO secundae;
tertia DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON, BOCARDO, FERISON habet;
quatrain insuper addit: BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO, FRESISON
What is Partial Conversion?
Interchange the subject and predicate and change the quantity
Find the Mnemonic, reduce the syllogism and identify the new mnemonic
No bears are herbivores
All deer are herbivores
No deer are bears
EA CESARE
No herbivores are bears
All deer are herbivores
No deer are bears
CELARENT