Traditions and contexts

1

100

The three appeals behind the rhetorical tradition, and definition

• Ethos: The speaker’s credibility
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• Logos: Appealing to the receiver's logic
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• Pathos: Appealing to the receiver’s emotions

200

The two different approaches to understanding CT, and their definition?

• 1. the seven traditions(theoretical in nature) division helps us pass the challenges associated with communication theory. Classification system to understand CT
• 2. the seven contexts (more practical) Contexts are environments in which communication takes place.

300

What is the cultural communication context and how do we define culture

1. Communication between individuals whose cultural backgrounds vary. 

• Culture, in this case, defined as "a community of meaning and shared a body of local  knowledge"
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• Individuals do not have to be from different countries, they can be from different states municipalities, communities or even one block.
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  • Important components: 
    • Co-cultures: a group of people who belong to the same cultural group, but through individual identification around things like race, ethnicity, sexuality, religion etc. Creates opportunities for themselves. 

400

The important components of small group communication 

• Networks: Communication through which information flows, who speaks to whom in what order.
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• Roles: positions of group members and relationships to the group. Small groups are made up of individuals who take on different roles.

500

how can intrapersonal communication lead to misunderstandings

People have a perception and maybe an idea of someone, the individual can make up things in their head to explain things others do but without asking cannot be sure of this. e.g.  an employee does not show up for work, the employer assumes a reason for this which without having an interpersonal communication cannot be confirmed 

2

100

The definition of the semiotic tradition

”Semiotics, the study of signs”

200

The 7 contexts

Intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, organizational communication, public/rhetorical, MAss/media, cultural

300

The three types of signs in the semiotic tradition and what they stand for.

• Index: Natural signs, they have a connection with what they signify (a sign of a toothbrush indicates a dentist, dark clouds=rain)
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• Icon: Imitation of something specific, physical resemblance to what it stands for (Walking man traffic-light, people can walk)
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• Symbols: Conventions (characters, pointing in a certain direction

400

The important component of cultural communication

Co-cultures: a group of people who belong to the same cultural group, but through individual identification around things like race, ethnicity, sexuality, religion etc. Creates opportunities for themselves. 

500

How is the critical context used in a marketing and management situation 

• Marketing perspective: Trying to understand the consumer through how society defines them and their qualities = may not always be correct because it’s affected by the media
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• Management perspective: For example, critical theorists look at how communication is used by management to oppress and manipulate the employees 
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  • Managers need to know about power structures in an organization and how they affect the internal climate/employees’ well being

3

100

what does the Socio-psychological tradition stand for

1. The interaction of individuals. 

• ”Communication as a process of expression, interaction, and influence”

200

The 7 traditions 

Rhetorical, Semiotic, phenemenological, cybernetic, socio-psycological, socio-cultural, critical

300

What is the interpersonal communication characterized by

• looking at relationships (start, maintenance, dissolution) but there are many different relationships.
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  • Different dimensions between relationships: Teacher-student, student-student, manager-employee(task, power-balance in MUS samtaler)(customers on social media - Customer - firm
  •  
    • One person can have many different active relationships at a time.

400

What is a big part of the cybernetic tradition

• Noise is also a big part of this communication.

when communication cybernetically it is import to be able to information process, as well as individuals being able to enter with different abilities in that information processing (game theory, psychology, architecture, and artificial intelligence.

• Individuals do not only enter     with different experiences but also different ways of processing 

500

How can the socio-psychological tradition be used in a marketing and management perspective 

• Marketing perspective: 
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  • The way people communicate and interpret communication is the key for every company, so if you can learn to understand the reason for this, the communication towards the customers can be much more targeted. 
  •  
  • If we group people’s behaviour into archetypes -> Is useful in marketing to develop targeted advertising towards a specific target group 
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  • Example: Minerva model(dividing consumers into groups of stereotypical behaviour - every group will react to stimuli in a certain way
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• Management perspective:
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  • Target internal communication to different groups of employees in the organization

4

100

The phenomenological tradition 

1. "Personal interpretation of everyday life and activities"

• Observing and experiencing the world through our own lens.
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• The subjective way of seeing life and communicating.

200

the focus and keywords of the critical tradition

• Focus: Advocating fairness, injustice, oppression, power and linguistic dominance
• communication is the process in which all assumptions can be challenged.
• Studies revolve around inequality, power, oppression, etc. 
• Race, gender roles, sexuality are main keywords in the critical tradition

300

What determines the efficiency in a small group according to small group context

cohesiveness which leads to synergy 

400

Organizational communication is very diverse, how?

• Very diverse contains interpersonal encounters. Groups of groups. What defines this communication environment is that it has a clear hierarchy. 
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• Within organizational communication, interpersonal interactions between (supervisor-subordinate etc.) public speaking(presentations by executives), small group situation( emails, video conferencing). 

500

which model can be used when using the socio-psychological tradition for marketing situations 

the Minerva model because companies are able to group people into categorizing which helps them target the consumers which have the same stereotypical behaviour  as every group reacts to different kinds of stimuli

5

100

Definition of organizational communication context 

1.  large, extended environments(not to be misunderstood as a small group).

• Very divers, contains interpersonal encounters. Groups of groups. What defines this communication environment is that it has a clear hierarchy.
• Within organizational communication, interpersonal interactions between(supervisor-subordinate etc.) public speaking(presentations by executives), small group situation( emails, videoconferencing).
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  • This makes organizations groups of groups.

200

The main ideas of intrapersonal communication

1. based on impressions, symbols, meanings, decision making and observations

• communication with oneself(internal). What goes on inside ones head even with other people present. Helps self-esteem to have an internal dialogue.
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• Intrapersonal     communication also includes the attributions you may make about another     person’s behavior
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• Judging or perceptions of people can lead to misunderstandings 
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• Includes imagining, daydreaming, perceiving 

300

Who has the control in mass/media communication

• Mass media is Communication to a large audience through the newspaper, videos, tablet, computer, tv, radio etc.
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• It is distinctive - allows both senders and receivers to exercise control.
• The communicator has control over what you choose to send out, but the audience chooses what they want to see.

400

the goals of public/rhetorical Communication and the three principles of persuasion 

• Public speaking usually has 3 goals: to inform, to entertain or to persuade.
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  • Many of the principles of persuasion include:
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    • Audience analysis
    •   
    • Speaker credibility
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    • Verbal and non-verbal delivery of a message
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  • The core of persuasion is rhetoric's: which is defined by the speaker's available means to persuade an audience.

500

How can the interpersonal context be linked to mass media, organizations, classrooms and social media

In all communications there are interpersonal communication whether it is before after or under 

Other ideas, not entirely sure...