Act–Means–Purpose
Name one Act element of THB.
Recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of persons.
List one red flag a border guard might notice at a first-line check.
- avoids eye contact,
- another person answers for them,
- no control over documents,
- signs of fear.
What is the main purpose of migrant smuggling?
Profit from facilitating illegal border crossing.
Name one key feature of the planning stage in an ABE interview.
Choose a safe, quiet location
Arrange an interpreter
Review case details
Plan questions
Check recording equipment
What does NIRM stand for in the context of trafficking in human beings?
National Identification and Referral Mechanism
True or false?
Deception alone can satisfy the Means element.
True – deception alone can satisfy the Means element.
Why might a victim avoid eye contact or remain silent when questioned?
Because of fear, trauma, language barriers, or control by a trafficker.
True or false?
Consent of the migrant makes smuggling legal.
False.
Consent does not make smuggling legal; it remains a criminal act.
Name one way to reduce re-traumatisation during questioning.
Use a calm tone, avoid judgment, give the person time and space, don’t pressure for details.
Name one type of service a victim receives through the NIRM.
Shelter, medical care, psychological counselling, legal aid, reintegration support.
Which element is NOT required when the victim is under 18?
Means – it is not required when the victim is under 18.
Give two clues from travel documents that may signal trafficking.
Forged/counterfeit documents, tickets bought by someone else, one-way travel, inconsistent travel purpose.
Give one key difference in the relationship between smuggler & migrant versus trafficker & victim.
Smuggling is based on agreement and ends after crossing; trafficking involves exploitation and control.
True or false ?
It is not recommended to give a potential victim details about what will happen next, as this might make them feel anxious or scared.
False,
Explaining what will happen next gives them a sense of control and helps reduce fear and anxiety.
What is the first step after a potential victim is identified at the border?
Immediate referral to ANITP or specialised units; ensure safety and confidentiality.
Give an example of a Purpose of exploitation other than sexual exploitation.
Forced labour, domestic servitude, forced criminality, organ removal, or forced marriage.
Describe one behavioural indicator that might show that a potential victim is controlled by a companion.
Looks for permission before speaking, is constantly watched, shows submission or fear of the companion.
A person voluntarily pays to cross a border but is later forced into labour. Which crimes may apply?
Smuggling that turns into trafficking (started as smuggling, became trafficking through exploitation).
True or false?
Pressing for a detailed statement immediately is best practice.
False.
Rushing for details can re-traumatise the victim.
Which organisations cooperate with authorities in the Romanian NIRM?
Police, border guards, social services, NGOs, prosecutors, and international organisations.
Explain why trafficking can occur within a country without border crossing.
Because trafficking can happen entirely within a country’s borders; cross-border movement is not required.
Explain why valid travel papers do not rule out trafficking.
Because traffickers can use legal travel documents; legality of papers doesn’t mean consent or freedom.
Explain why trafficking can be more difficult to detect than migrant smuggling.
Because trafficking often involves deception, psychological control, and legal travel documents, making exploitation hidden.
Describe one benefit of using a trained cultural or language mediator/interpret
Ensures clear, accurate communication and builds trust.
Prevents misunderstandings.
Helps the person feel safe and understood.
Improves accuracy of the interview.
Explain how the NRM protects victims’ rights during legal proceedings.
Ensures access to legal assistance, safe accommodation, and protection during investigation and trial.