Definitions
What is a function?
A function is how something works.
What is 2 things does the nucleus have?
The nucleus contains your DNA and the instructions to build proteins.
What does the word homozygous mean? AND give me an example.
Homozygous means having the same gene version which means there will only be one type of protein made (like F1F1).
What does the word "identical" mean?
The word "identical" means "exactly the same".
How many copies of each gene do you have?
We all have 2 copies of each gene—one from our mom and one from our dad.
What is a feature?
A feature is a characteristic that all members of a species have.
What do the ribosomes do?
The ribosomes make or create the protein.
What does heterozygous mean? AND give me an example.
Heterozygous means different gene versions where they make 2 different proteins (Like F1F2).
What are the two reproductive cells required from both parents during sexual reproduction?
The egg cell is from the mom and the sperm cell is from the dad.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a random change in the instructions of a gene.
What is a trait?
A trait is a specific characteristic of an individual organism.
What does the mitochondria do?
The mitochondria is in charge of burning food to create energy and it also stores the energy for later use.
What does the word "clotting" mean?
The word "clotting" means scabbing.
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is when these cells combine to form the first cell of a new offspring.
Why do some organisms make one type of protein while others make two?
Some organisms make one type of protein because they have a homozygous gene version. This means the instructions that are provided only make one type of protein. While other organisms make two types of protein because they have a heterozygous gene version. This means that the instructions that are provided make TWO types of protein.
What is variation?
Variation is any difference in traits between individual organisms.
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
The Golgi apparatus packs up the protein molecules and labels them for distribution to other parts of the cell.
What is hemophilia?
Hemophilia is a disease where people are missing ONE protein out of the 13 proteins needed to form a scab. If they don't have that protein, they will continue bleeding.
What are identical twins?
Identical twins are rare and only happen when ONE sperm and ONE egg cell meet, but the fertilized egg decided to split itself in half or to copy itself and create TWO babies instead of one.
What does each gene version provide you with?
Each gene version provides a UNIQUE set of instructions to make a specific protein molecule.
What is a protein molecule?
A protein molecule is a type of large molecule that performs important functions inside the organism.
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes are a place where waste products and cellular debris are broken down.
What are alleles?
Alleles is just a fancy name for different gene versions (like F1F2).
What are fraternal twins?
With fraternal twins, the fertilization process happens TWICE. One sperm and one egg cell combine and make one baby (TWIN A) while another sperm and egg cell combine and make a second baby (TWIN B).
How does sexual reproduction result in the variation among offspring?
Sexual reproduction results in variation among offspring. This is because we receive 50% of our genes from our mom and 50% of our genes from our dad. Every time sexual reproduction happens, those genes are RANDOMLY chosen and RANDOMLY mixed together, providing you with a different offspring EVERY TIME.