ACTN3
How many types of ACTN3 proteins are there?What are they?
2, A1, A2.
What is the process to create an offspring?
Sexual Reproduction
What shape does a DNA have?
Double helix
2
What is DNA replication crucial for?(three things)
growth, repair, and reproduction
What does A1 protein do?
It helps the muscles to contract and sprint.
What gives instructions to the proteins?
genes
What makes up a DNA
Nucleotides and a base.
How many alleles do you get from each parent?
1 from each parent
What is the rough chance of getting a mutation?
(1 out of 40 million)
What does A2 protein do?
It has a structure of not connecting, so it doesn't allow the muscles to contract, and instead it just saves energy.
What leads to a trait?
What base pairs with what base?(You don't have to give it in full word form)
A&T, G&C
What is the full word form of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is DNA Replication?(Explain the process)
The DNA replicates by enzymes breaking apart the DNAs in half, then Primase adds short RNA primers to start the strand. DNA Polymerase then adds the complementary bases to the single sided strands.(extra 200 points if mentioned leading strand and lagging strand, of how lagging strand needs a primer every single time)
What is the chance of being an elite sprinter with A1A1?
98%
What is the order of the entire pathway including RNA?
Sexual Reproduction, Genes/DNA, RNA, Proteins, Structure, Function, Trait.
What are the 4 bases in DNA?(give answer in full word form)
Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine.
is the bond between bases of A-T stronger or G-C stronger?
G-C is stronger
What was the initial term of DNA?
thymonucleic acid
What is the chance of being an elite long-distance runner with A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2?
A1A1: 3%, A1A2: 25%, A2A2: 72%
What step goes between DNA and proteins?
RNA
In RNA, what does adenine pair with?(a little more advanced, 1000 points)
Uracil, because in RNA it doesn't have thymine.
How does A and T stablize?(more advanced, this question is worth 1500 points)
It stablizes by forming two hydrogen bonds, and by hydrophobic forces, and base-stacking interactions.
Why is DNA shaped like a twisted ladder and what do the parts do?(More more advanced, this question is worth 2,000 points)
Becuase it is energetically stable and the chemical structure of the sugar phosphate backbone of the DNA.