General
Short-term effects
Long-term effects
Continuity and change
Key beliefs/motives/groups
100
What is the name for the voyage that transported enslaved Africans from Africa, across the Atlantic ocean to the Americas?
Middle Passage
100
What do ‘social’ impacts relate to?
People
100
How is a long-term effect different from a short-term effect?
Long-term looks at impacts over decades/generations, whereas a short-term effect is immediate consequences
100
What is the difference between a continuity and change?
Stays the same vs differences/transformations
100
Name one group that fought to end slavery.
Abolitionists
200
Roughly how many African slaves were transported to the Americas? 5.5, 12.5 or 95.5 million?
12.5 million
200
Name a short-term emotional and physical impact on enslaved Africans during the voyage across the Middle Passage.
Emotional (fear, trauma, grief, anger) and physical (exposure to disease, starvation, physical violence, cramped conditions, death)
200
Name a social long-term impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, and state how people are still affected by this impact today.
Systemic racism (racial inequality/poverty/deep social divisions) - related to over-representation in prisons, access to healthcare, ongoing poverty, educational disadvantage etc.
200
Identify a cultural or social change experienced by enslaved Africans.
Families separated, including children, husbands/wives, communities – new communities formed, exposure to discrimination/exploitation based on skin colour/race
200
What racist beliefs were used to justify the establishment and continuation of the slave trade?
Belief that some races were naturally inferior (Africans less than white Europeans), in need of ‘civilising’
300
Name 2 of the main European countries that participated in the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
Portugal, Spain, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands
300
Explain a cultural short-term impact experienced by enslaved Africans after arriving in the Americas.
Cultural loss- loss of language and tradition when forced away from homeland
300
Describe an economic long-term impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
Weakening of African nations vs increased wealth of European nations/colonies, disadvantage for African/Americans, plantation wealth
300
How did the identities of Africans change immediately after being enslaved?
Lost their identities, became property, lost freedom
300
Explain the economic motivations that drove the Slave Trade to continue.
Large number of workers needed for cotton, sugar and other crops – making money more important to those in charge than welfare
400
Why were African slaves used more than Indigenous slaves in places like the Caribbean and North America?
Large mortality rates of Indigenous peoples after being conquered, largely due to disease; belief African peoples 'best suited' for hard labour
400
Describe the working/living conditions of enslaved Africans on plantation farms.
Could include details relating to: physical punishment for not completing work fast enough, meeting quotas, disobedience, emotional impacts related to trauma, grief, given Christian names, ongoing grief of cultural loss, family impacts etc.
400
Explain the historical significance (importance of studying this) of a long-term impact of the Slave Trade?
Something that states how it has impacted the world today, makes it worth understanding
400
Identify one continuity in the lives of enslaved Africans after the trade was abolished.
Ongoing discrimination, systemic racism, limited rights
400
Why did abolitionists disagree with slavery?
Disagreed with suffering of others, believed it was morally wrong
500
Describe the Triangular Trade – include where each leg of the trade travelled, and what cargo the ships brought with them.
1st leg – Europe to West Africa, brought textiles, goods, guns for trade with African leaders (for slaves); 2nd leg – Africa to Americas, brough enslaved peoples, 3rd leg – Americas to Europe – brought materials produced by slave labour from New World (cotton, tobacco, sugar, rum)
500
Consider this slave auction list source. What does this source show about short term identity impacts? Who is the audience of this source?
Loss of traditional names and given Christian names, viewed as property not people; Plantation owners
500
How did the Slave Trade impact the cultural identity of enslaved Africans in North America?
Development of new cultural identities (African-American identities, music, culture, community)
500
What is a political change that occurred to change the legislation related to the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
Laws were passed officially ending the slave trade (Slave Trade Act 1807).
500
List 2 approaches abolitionists used to fight for the end of slavery, and how they impacted the Slave Trade.
Protests, newspaper articles, boycotting slave made products, petitions and letters, pressure on government to change laws