Prokaryotic Initiation
promoter
-10 and -35 sequences + TSS
BONUS points: What part of the RNA pol recognizes this sequence?
The promoter sequence recognized
TATA box + tss
The direction of RNA synthesis
5' to 3'
The name for the sequence in the DNA that triggers termination.
Terminator
Genes the are expressed as proteins
protein-encoding genes
+1
transcription start site
The RNA polymerase responsible for transcription of protein-encoding genes
RNA Pol II
RNA nucleotides are matched to this strand in the open complex of RNA pol 2.
Template strand
When rho protein is present, this type of termination occurs in bacteria.
Rho-dependent
This complex must be attached to the RNA to transport it out of the nucleus to a ribosome.
5' cap + Poly-A tail
the subunit of RNA polymerase that recognizes the promoter
sigma factor
The transcription factor that recognizes the promoter
TFIID
2 key factors needed for an open transcription complex
RNA pol + open transcription bubble = open complex
In eukaryotes, transcription terminations downstream from this signal sequence.
polyA signal
These proteins function as part of the spliceosome to remove introns.
snRNPs (snurps)
The region of the RNA polymerase where RNA nucleotides are added
Open complex
This component of gene regulation associates between the RNA polymerase complex and regulatory elements.
Mediator
This strand of the double helix has the same sequence as the RNA created, except for U's.
Coding strand
For both rho-dependent and rho-independent termination, this structure must form on the RNA transcript.
Hairpin loop
The process by which multiple different proteins can be made from a single gene.
Alternative splicing
What are the two components of the RNA pol used in prokaryotes, what do they do?
core enzyme (hollow part that slides along DNA)
sigma factor (recognized –35 and –10 seq aka promoter)
What are the components of the initiation complex, and what are their general role?
Promoter (TATA box & TSS)
RNA pol II (binds to promoter)
5 basal transcription factors (help RNA pol to bind and change complex from closed to open)
Mediator (stabilizes whole thing)
This is a part a transcribed region of DNA, what kind of organism is it from and which strand will be the template and the other the coding
--(-35)---(-10) ---(+1)-----(ATAGCTAACG)
(TATCGATTGC)
-The promoter shows it' from a bacteria
-Promoter is on the 5' end and terminator on the 3'--RNA Pol adds '5-3' so the bottom is template (adds in a way that makes transcription start 5' in an anti parallel fashion)
The main difference between the torpedo and allosteric models for termination in eukaryotes.
The torpedo requires the presence of an exonuclease to degrade the extra RNA toward the RNA polymerase
Summarize the process of transcription in either prokaryotes or eukaryotes (BONUS points for saying both)
-initiation, elongation, termination