Transcription
Describe a gene.
What is a series of nucleotides that code for a specific protein?
These are the 3 different types of RNA in protein synthesis.
mRNA (messenger), tRNA (transfer), rRNA (ribosomal)
This is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis.
What is a strand of RNA codons which tells the tRNA what amino acids to bring?
This enzyme synthesizes mRNA.
What is RNA polymerase?
DNA plays this role in protein synthesis.
What is providing the mRNA code?
What is an RNA polymerase unzipping the DNA and building an mRNA strand alongside it?
This is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis.
What is having the tRNA corresponding with the mRNA codon bringing an amino acid to bind to the protein sequence?
The three different types of mutations.
Silent - No change in the protein sequence.
Missense - A single amino acid is changed
Nonsense - A codon being changed to a stop codon
Describe the directionality of RNA polymerase.
What is moving on the 3'-5' end, but building in the 5'-3' direction?
Define a codon on mRNA.
What is a group of 3 nucleotides which attracts a tRNA?
This is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis.
Also called a ribosome, rRNA synthesizes the amino acids brought in by tRNA.
The directionality of mRNA in protein synthesis.
5'-3'.
Define elongation.
What is RNA polymerase unzipping the DNA and building the strand of mRNA?
This is what tRNA attaches to.
What are amino acids?
These are the three steps in translation.
Initiation - The ribosome meets the mRNA in the subunit ribosomal complex so translation can start.
Elongation - The ribosome begins elongating the protein strand.
Termination - The ribosome releases the mRNA and protein strand.
The name of the DNA strand that RNA polymerase builds off of and the other strand.
What is a template strand and the non-template or coding strand?
This is the specific sequence of DNA in which the RNA polymerase binds to.
What is a promoter?
This is the place where the amino acids are synthesized in an rRNA.
What is the translation initiation complex?
Define three key aspects of the protein synthesis process.
The process is mRNA bringing the codon sequence to the ribosomal subunit. The start codon will initiate a tRNA to bring an amino acid anti-codon. Then the mRNA is shifted through the ribosome as more amino acids are brought by tRNA. During this time the ribosome is synthesizing the amino acids together. The codons are pairs of 3 nucleotides. Once the stop codon is reached, the mRNA floats away and the protein is transported to the organelles.
RNA polymerase is able to bind to the DNA due to these proteins.