DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is DNA replication?
The process of copying a DNA molecule to create two identical copies.
What is the purpose of the DNA template?
To used to make a complementary strand of mRNA.
What is translation?
mRNA is converted to a polypeptide to make a specified protein
What is a codon?
A set of 3 nucleotides
What are the bases for DNA (full names)?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What enzyme breaks apart the bonds between bases in DNA replication?
DNA Helicase
What is the enzyme that reads bases on the DNA strand?
RNA polymerase
What are the three types of RNA used in translation?
mRNA- messenger RNA
tRNA- transfer RNA
rRNA- ribosomal RNA
What is the start codon and what does it code for?
AUG - Methionine
What are the nucleotides of DNA made up of? Be specific.
A sugar- deoxyribose
A phosphate group
An organic base (A, T, C, G)
What is the purpose of DNA polymerase II?
To move along each strand of DNA adding nucleotides. It bonds free nucleotides with nucleotides on each parent stand using base pairing rules.
What base binds to adenine in place of thymine?
Uracil
What are the purpose of ribosomes?
To make proteins and carry out translation.
Specifically help form bonds between amino acids
What are the three stop codons?
UAA
UGA
UAG
What does Chargaff's rule state?
What is the purpose of DNA polymerase I?
Proofreads new strands and backtracks to correct errors.
What are the stages of transcription named?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
What is the purpose of tRNA?
TAC GGA CCT CAA ATA GCT
UAC GGA CCU CAA AUA GCU
Who data did Watson and Crick use to develop their model of the DNA double helix?
Rosalind Franklin
What is the overview for how DNA replication works?
DNA strands unwind and separate
Each stand makes a new partner by adding the appropriate nucleotides
The result is there are now two double stranded DNA molecules.
Transcribe the following sequence:
TAG TTG CCA GAC CTA
AUC AAC GGU CUG GAU
What happens in the initiation stage of translation?
The ribosome attaches to the mRNA and the first tRNA so translation can begin
Translate the following sequence:
AUG UUG CCG CAU GAU AAA UGA
Met- Leu- Pro- His- Asp- Lys- Stop