DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is DNA replication?
The process of copying a DNA molecule to create two identical copies.
What is the purpose of the DNA template?
It is used to make a complementary strand of mRNA.
What is translation?
mRNA is converted to a polypeptide to make a specified protein
What is a codon?
A set of 3 nucleotides
What are the bases for DNA (full names)?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What enzyme breaks apart the bonds between bases in DNA replication?
DNA Helicase
What is the enzyme that reads bases on the DNA strand?
RNA polymerase
What are the three types of RNA used in translation?
mRNA- messenger RNA
tRNA- transfer RNA
rRNA- ribosomal RNA
What is the start codon and what does it code for?
AUG - Methionine
What are the nucleotides of DNA made up of? Be specific.
A sugar- deoxyribose
A phosphate group
An nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G)
What is the purpose of DNA polymerase?
To read the original strands, build the new leading and lagging strands, and proofread its work.
What base binds to adenine in place of thymine?
Uracil
What is the purpose of ribosomes?
To make proteins by reading the mRNA and using tRNAs to help to add amino acids together and build the polypeptide chain.
What are the three stop codons?
UAA
UGA
UAG
What does Chargaff's rule state?
State that in the DNA of any species, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine. Same with adenine and thymine. aka T-A and G-C
What is the leading strand, and in what direction is it built?
The continuous strand and it is build in the 5' --> 3' direction towards the unzipping of the strands by the helicase enzyme
What are the stages of transcription named?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
What is the purpose of tRNA?
TAC GGA CCT CAA ATA GCT
UAC GGA CCU CAA AUA GCU
Whose data did Watson and Crick use to develop their model of the DNA double helix?
Rosalind Franklin
What is the overview of how DNA replication works?
DNA strands unwind and are separated by helicase - RNA primase makes a primer - DNA polymerase makes new strands - Ligase glues okazaki fragments of lagging strand - end product is 2 identical copies of DNA in with 1/2 new and 1/2 original.
Transcribe the following DNA sequence:
TAG TTG CCA GAC CTA
AUC AAC GGU CUG GAU
What happens in the initiation stage of translation?
The ribosome attaches to the mRNA and the first tRNA, so translation can begin
Translate the following sequence:
AUG UUG CCG CAU GAU AAA UGA
Met- Leu- Pro- His- Asp- Lys- Stop